{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285222332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3175750","title":"Ensemble Classification Model for EV Identification From Smart Meter Recordings","display_name":"Ensemble Classification Model for EV Identification From Smart Meter Recordings","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285222332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3175750"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2022.3175750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3175750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011086593","display_name":"Hui Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9429-7997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hui Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100322161","display_name":"Chen Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4368-5295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030903468","display_name":"Mahdi Jalili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0517-9420"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahdi Jalili","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070195520","display_name":"Xinghuo Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8093-9787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinghuo Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044841336","display_name":"Peter McTaggart","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter McTaggart","raw_affiliation_strings":["CitiPower and Powercor, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CitiPower and Powercor, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011086593"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1082,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7625374,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"3","first_page":"3274","last_page":"3283"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13429","display_name":"Electricity Theft Detection Techniques","score":0.9925000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-meter","display_name":"Smart meter","score":0.7181400060653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-time-warping","display_name":"Dynamic time warping","score":0.6980844736099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.6848727464675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6466084122657776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.587404191493988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheduling","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","score":0.4939499497413635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.48215171694755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44611552357673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.42877569794654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.42829856276512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.42030540108680725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.35885870456695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3569944202899933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3528698682785034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21122336387634277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11149322986602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08946666121482849}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779510800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1630602","display_name":"Smart meter","level":3,"score":0.7181400060653687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88516994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268863","display_name":"Dynamic time warping","level":2,"score":0.6980844736099243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.6848727464675903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6466084122657776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.587404191493988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.4939499497413635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.48215171694755554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44611552357673645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.42877569794654846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.42829856276512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.42030540108680725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.35885870456695557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3569944202899933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3528698682785034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21122336387634277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11149322986602783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08946666121482849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2022.3175750","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3175750","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27558846","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27558846","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7799877306","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LP180101309","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322858","display_name":"State Government of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/02xvc5r05"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W587473303","https://openalex.org/W2016166233","https://openalex.org/W2083620785","https://openalex.org/W2126996952","https://openalex.org/W2128965734","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2152195021","https://openalex.org/W2153635508","https://openalex.org/W2260601303","https://openalex.org/W2602516395","https://openalex.org/W2665854550","https://openalex.org/W2806857802","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2948009788","https://openalex.org/W2963608065","https://openalex.org/W2970602317","https://openalex.org/W2996005605","https://openalex.org/W3000575943","https://openalex.org/W3008058450","https://openalex.org/W3009574699","https://openalex.org/W3011353627","https://openalex.org/W3014900786","https://openalex.org/W3035930691","https://openalex.org/W3112249464","https://openalex.org/W3124024856","https://openalex.org/W3185106033","https://openalex.org/W3189150412","https://openalex.org/W3216594308","https://openalex.org/W4244895750","https://openalex.org/W4254635580","https://openalex.org/W6604828220","https://openalex.org/W6798892075"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3018909029","https://openalex.org/W3205631650","https://openalex.org/W2775355700","https://openalex.org/W2246071452","https://openalex.org/W2165970106","https://openalex.org/W1985785385","https://openalex.org/W1124398682","https://openalex.org/W4316660856","https://openalex.org/W2387071565","https://openalex.org/W2052546123"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electric":[0],"vehicles":[1],"(EVs)":[2],"often":[3,44],"consume":[4],"large":[5],"amounts":[6],"of":[7,12,38,48,84,125,169,177,182,201],"energy,":[8],"and":[9,72,86,91,123,153,185,192],"uncoordinated":[10],"charging":[11,79,111],"many":[13],"EVs":[14,122],"may":[15],"lead":[16],"to":[17,33,107,140,209],"grid":[18,70],"overload,":[19],"adversely":[20],"impacting":[21],"other":[22],"customers.":[23],"Electricity":[24],"distributors":[25],"require":[26],"full":[27],"visibility":[28],"on":[29],"the":[30,69,82,142,174,179,186,193,202],"EV":[31,49,55,85,110,152],"distribution":[32,40],"better":[34],"manage":[35],"operation":[36],"planning":[37],"their":[39,52],"grid.":[41],"However,":[42],"they":[43],"have":[45],"incomplete":[46],"knowledge":[47],"presence":[50],"in":[51,172,189,207],"network.":[53],"Identifying":[54],"customers":[56,88,127,155],"(charging":[57],"at":[58],"home)":[59],"using":[60],"smart":[61,115],"meter":[62,116],"data":[63],"is":[64,205],"a":[65,102],"nontrivial":[66],"task":[67],"for":[68,196],"network":[71],"energy":[73,126],"scheduling.":[74],"The":[75,199],"difficulties":[76],"include":[77],"recognizing":[78],"patterns,":[80],"balancing":[81],"number":[83],"non-EV":[87,144,154],"during":[89],"modeling,":[90],"building":[92],"an":[93,161],"efficient":[94],"classification":[95,163],"model.":[96],"In":[97],"this":[98],"article,":[99],"we":[100],"propose":[101],"periodic":[103,183],"pattern":[104],"recognition":[105],"method":[106],"extract":[108],"useful":[109],"patterns.":[112],"Real":[113],"world":[114],"datasets":[117],"are":[118,128],"unbalanced":[119],"with":[120],"few":[121],"majority":[124],"those":[129],"without":[130],"EVs.":[131],"We":[132,159],"improve":[133],"Kmedoids":[134],"evaluated":[135],"by":[136,166],"dynamic":[137],"time":[138],"warping":[139],"obtain":[141],"representative":[143],"training":[145],"samples":[146,150],"so":[147],"that":[148],"balanced":[149],"over":[151],"can":[156],"be":[157],"obtained.":[158],"develop":[160],"ensemble":[162],"model":[164],"(ECM)":[165],"taking":[167],"advantages":[168],"multiple":[170],"classifiers,":[171],"which":[173],"optimization":[175],"consists":[176],"obtaining":[178],"optimal":[180,187,194],"subset":[181],"patterns":[184],"parameters":[188],"each":[190],"classifier":[191],"weights":[195],"combining":[197],"classifiers.":[198],"superiority":[200],"proposed":[203],"ECM":[204],"demonstrated":[206],"comparison":[208],"several":[210],"baseline":[211],"models.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}