{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225639069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3166215","title":"Hybrid Multiagent Reinforcement Learning for Electric Vehicle Resilience Control Towards a Low-Carbon Transition","display_name":"Hybrid Multiagent Reinforcement Learning for Electric Vehicle Resilience Control Towards a Low-Carbon Transition","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225639069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3166215"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2022.3166215","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3166215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061759570","display_name":"Dawei Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0497-6089"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dawei Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0497-6089","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100640575","display_name":"Yi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1280-5418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1280-5418","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001061999","display_name":"Tingqi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6121-3435"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingqi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6121-3435","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079378336","display_name":"Mingyang Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5790-5025"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4391767838","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03a33a786","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4391767838","https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyang Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology and Department of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5790-5025","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology and Department of Control Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492","https://openalex.org/I4391767838"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014643856","display_name":"Goran \u0160trbac","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7421-3947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Goran Strbac","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7421-3947","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.74,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":87,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97666841,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"11","first_page":"8258","last_page":"8269"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10454","display_name":"Optimal Power Flow Distribution","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7222495079040527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.59385746717453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5877524614334106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resilience","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","score":0.5485391020774841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.5317254066467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5219696760177612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-agent-system","display_name":"Multi-agent system","score":0.5123449563980103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.496401846408844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.33414435386657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.17316719889640808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11987128853797913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7222495079040527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.59385746717453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5877524614334106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779585090","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3457762","display_name":"Resilience (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.5485391020774841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5317254066467285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5219696760177612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41550386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q529909","display_name":"Multi-agent system","level":2,"score":0.5123449563980103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.496401846408844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.33414435386657715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.17316719889640808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11987128853797913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2022.3166215","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3166215","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5199999809265137}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1146507380","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ES/T000112/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","funder_display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1186604835","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R045518/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2140004634","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/T021780/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3097466672","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/L001039/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3803547371","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/K036327/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334630","display_name":"Economic and Social Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/03n0ht308"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W41554520","https://openalex.org/W2131116400","https://openalex.org/W2277615321","https://openalex.org/W2586714814","https://openalex.org/W2587190936","https://openalex.org/W2595394152","https://openalex.org/W2644347995","https://openalex.org/W2736601468","https://openalex.org/W2743186926","https://openalex.org/W2747213132","https://openalex.org/W2757802645","https://openalex.org/W2809282503","https://openalex.org/W2905912094","https://openalex.org/W2916514444","https://openalex.org/W2922209542","https://openalex.org/W2965757358","https://openalex.org/W2973885157","https://openalex.org/W2985230321","https://openalex.org/W3003503702","https://openalex.org/W3005335721","https://openalex.org/W3006219687","https://openalex.org/W3011346430","https://openalex.org/W3031015890","https://openalex.org/W3035268023","https://openalex.org/W3083931810","https://openalex.org/W3129741201","https://openalex.org/W3132328326","https://openalex.org/W3134484216","https://openalex.org/W3135730722","https://openalex.org/W3161104623","https://openalex.org/W3170615823","https://openalex.org/W3177840693","https://openalex.org/W3197248161","https://openalex.org/W4286748781","https://openalex.org/W6741002519","https://openalex.org/W6778657300","https://openalex.org/W6840380725"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2364921833","https://openalex.org/W2385146268","https://openalex.org/W2380023786","https://openalex.org/W2546696010","https://openalex.org/W1992741870","https://openalex.org/W2795803694","https://openalex.org/W1993148641","https://openalex.org/W2687174480","https://openalex.org/W2604753019","https://openalex.org/W2139794416"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"responseto":[1],"low-carbon":[2],"requirements,":[3],"a":[4,66,78],"large":[5],"amount":[6],"of":[7,21,57,98],"renewable":[8],"energy":[9],"resources":[10],"(RESs)":[11],"have":[12],"been":[13],"deployed":[14],"in":[15,62,118,139],"power":[16,130],"systems;":[17],"nevertheless,":[18],"the":[19,24,96,105,110,119],"intermittency":[20],"RESs":[22],"raises":[23],"system":[25,52,141],"vulnerability":[26],"and":[27,42,73,89,101,113,128,143],"even":[28],"causes":[29],"severe":[30],"damage":[31],"under":[32,59],"extreme":[33],"events.":[34],"Electric":[35],"vehicles":[36],"(EVs),":[37],"owing":[38],"to":[39,85],"their":[40],"mobility":[41],"flexibility":[43],"characteristics,":[44],"can":[45,108],"provide":[46],"various":[47],"ancillary":[48],"services":[49],"meanwhile":[50],"enhancing":[51],"resilience.":[53],"The":[54],"distributed":[55],"control":[56],"EVs":[58],"such":[60],"scenarios":[61],"power-transportation":[63],"network":[64],"becomes":[65],"complex":[67],"decision-making":[68],"problem":[69],"with":[70,95,115,133],"enormous":[71],"dynamics":[72],"uncertainties.":[74],"To":[75],"this":[76],"end,":[77],"multiagent":[79,120],"reinforcement":[80],"learning":[81,111],"method":[82,107],"is":[83],"proposed":[84,106],"compute":[86],"both":[87],"discrete":[88],"continuous":[90],"actions":[91],"simultaneously":[92],"that":[93],"aligns":[94],"nature":[97],"EV":[99],"routing":[100],"scheduling":[102],"problems.":[103],"Furthermore,":[104],"enhance":[109],"stability":[112],"scalability":[114],"privacy":[116],"perseverance":[117],"setting.":[121],"Simulation":[122],"results":[123],"based":[124],"on":[125],"IEEE":[126],"6-":[127],"33-bus":[129],"networks":[131],"integrated":[132],"transportation":[134],"systems":[135],"validate":[136],"its":[137],"effectiveness":[138],"providing":[140],"resilience":[142],"carbon":[144],"intensity":[145],"service.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}