{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4210923679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3149335","title":"C-FDRL: Context-Aware Privacy-Preserving Offloading Through Federated Deep Reinforcement Learning in Cloud-Enabled IoT","display_name":"C-FDRL: Context-Aware Privacy-Preserving Offloading Through Federated Deep Reinforcement Learning in Cloud-Enabled IoT","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-02-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4210923679","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3149335"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2022.3149335","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3149335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024122309","display_name":"Yang Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3194-8369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yang Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103232490","display_name":"Md Zakirul Alam Bhuiyan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I164389053","display_name":"Fordham University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qnxaf80","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I164389053"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Zakirul Alam Bhuiyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Fordham University, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Fordham University, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I164389053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006546107","display_name":"Tian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4819-621X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12615008","display_name":"Beijing Normal-Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/04snvc712","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12615008"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25254941","display_name":"Beijing Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/022k4wk35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["BNU-UIC Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Future Networks, Beijing Normal University (BNU Zhuhai), Guangdong, China","Guangdong Key Lab of AI and Multi-Modal Data Processing, BNU-HKBU United International College (UIC), Guangdong, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BNU-UIC Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Future Networks, Beijing Normal University (BNU Zhuhai), Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25254941"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Lab of AI and Multi-Modal Data Processing, BNU-HKBU United International College (UIC), Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12615008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055675863","display_name":"Xiaokang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3488-4679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171494771","display_name":"Shiga University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vvhy971","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171494771"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaokang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Data Science, Shiga University, Shiga, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Data Science, Shiga University, Shiga, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171494771"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100634925","display_name":"Amit Kumar Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7359-2068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11793825","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Patna","ror":"https://ror.org/056wyhh33","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11793825","https://openalex.org/I4210152752"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amit Kumar Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Technology Patna, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Technology Patna, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Patna, Patna, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11793825"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024122309"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.5496,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98032734,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"2","first_page":"1155","last_page":"1164"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7703002691268921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7621285915374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.7154740691184998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6334512233734131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5874800086021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.5181528329849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4901297986507416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.37794262170791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3761519491672516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16901278495788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08203116059303284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7703002691268921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7621285915374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.7154740691184998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6334512233734131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5874800086021423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.5181528329849243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4901297986507416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.37794262170791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3761519491672516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16901278495788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08203116059303284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2022.3149335","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2022.3149335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.47999998927116394}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5062075892","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62002113","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5797877411","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021JJ40122","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2756203131","https://openalex.org/W2886444620","https://openalex.org/W2891713004","https://openalex.org/W2912213068","https://openalex.org/W2941971445","https://openalex.org/W2963373072","https://openalex.org/W2964248614","https://openalex.org/W2974175488","https://openalex.org/W3008684691","https://openalex.org/W3010852232","https://openalex.org/W3012434840","https://openalex.org/W3022369195","https://openalex.org/W3036787537","https://openalex.org/W3037949089","https://openalex.org/W3039437223","https://openalex.org/W3080425979","https://openalex.org/W3086579950","https://openalex.org/W3092413484","https://openalex.org/W3094144275","https://openalex.org/W3095478532","https://openalex.org/W3101220048","https://openalex.org/W3103720336","https://openalex.org/W3109858579","https://openalex.org/W3113308842","https://openalex.org/W3126441351","https://openalex.org/W3135297645","https://openalex.org/W3155922890","https://openalex.org/W3190732674","https://openalex.org/W3193254256","https://openalex.org/W3195578314","https://openalex.org/W6754708698","https://openalex.org/W6780425067"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2584827882","https://openalex.org/W2538581760","https://openalex.org/W3195097297","https://openalex.org/W4225340788","https://openalex.org/W3038106605","https://openalex.org/W2513267613","https://openalex.org/W3049084372","https://openalex.org/W2528109871","https://openalex.org/W2940702331","https://openalex.org/W2905822832"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recently,":[0],"artificial":[1],"intelligence":[2],"approaches":[3],"are":[4],"widely":[5],"suggested":[6],"to":[7,52,60,122,135,189],"optimize":[8],"numerous":[9],"offloading":[10,27,32,115,196],"task-scheduling":[11],"purposes.":[12],"However,":[13],"they":[14],"confront":[15],"difficulties":[16],"in":[17,33,41,72],"maintaining":[18],"data":[19,26,92,106,132,140,148,168,174,192],"privacy":[20,64,89,193],"regarding":[21],"the":[22,25,29,34,62,66,80,88,94,102,109,124,137,142,146,150,176,182,191,195,199,206,214],"context":[23],"of":[24,31,65,79,90],"during":[28],"course":[30],"different":[35],"stages.":[36],"To":[37],"address":[38],"this":[39,42,71],"problem,":[40],"article":[43],"we":[44],"propose":[45],"<monospace":[46,83,126,208],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[47,84,127,209],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">C-fDRL</monospace>":[48,85,128,210],",":[49],"a":[50,119,130,157],"framework":[51],"provide":[53],"context-aware":[54,63,131,138,147],"federated":[55,200],"deep":[56],"reinforcement":[57],"learning":[58],"(fDRL)":[59],"maintain":[61],"task":[67,95,116,151,184],"offloading.":[68],"We":[69,186],"perform":[70],"three":[73],"stages":[74],"(CloudAI,":[75],"EdgeAI,":[76],"and":[77,104,155,172,198],"DeviceAI)":[78],"overall":[81],"system.":[82],"checks":[86],"whether":[87],"high-context-aware":[91,167],"with":[93,194],"being":[96],"offloaded":[97],"is":[98,113],"maintained":[99],"locally":[100],"at":[101,108,175],"DeviceAI,":[103],"low-context-aware":[105,173],"distributedly":[107],"EdgeAI.":[110],"When":[111],"there":[112],"an":[114],"request":[117],"or":[118],"user":[120],"needs":[121],"offload":[123],"data,":[125],"uses":[129],"management":[133],"approach":[134],"decouple":[136],"(privacy)":[139],"from":[141,149],"tasks.":[143],"This":[144,165],"separates":[145],"for":[152,179],"local":[153,170],"computation":[154,180],"allows":[156],"new":[158],"scheduling":[159],"technique":[160],"called":[161],"\u201ccontext-aware":[162],"multilevel":[163],"scheduler.\u201d":[164],"places":[166],"on":[169],"devices":[171],"edge":[177],"device":[178],"before":[181],"actual":[183],"execution.":[185],"performed":[187],"experiments":[188],"evaluate":[190],"tasks":[197],"DRL.":[201],"The":[202],"results":[203],"show":[204],"that":[205],"proposed":[207],"performs":[211],"better":[212],"than":[213],"existing":[215],"framework.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
