{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205231989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3138752","title":"EdgeFireSmoke: A Novel Lightweight CNN Model for Real-Time Video Fire\u2013Smoke Detection","display_name":"EdgeFireSmoke: A Novel Lightweight CNN Model for Real-Time Video Fire\u2013Smoke Detection","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205231989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3138752"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2021.3138752","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3138752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/74693","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107220603","display_name":"Jefferson S. Almeida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2687-6030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243754102","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03srtnf24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jefferson Silva Almeida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Cear&#x00E1;, Fortaleza, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Cear&#x00E1;, Fortaleza, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009018575","display_name":"Chenxi Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2100-0259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191208505","display_name":"Xiamen University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mcjh785","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenxi Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2100-0259","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191208505"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052760837","display_name":"Fabr\u00edcio G. Nogueira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1935-8937"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243754102","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03srtnf24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabricio Gonzalez Nogueira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Cear&#x00E1;, Fortaleza, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1935-8937","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University of Cear&#x00E1;, Fortaleza, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015205527","display_name":"Surbhi Bhatia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3097-6568"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4626487","display_name":"King Faisal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00dn43547","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Surbhi Bhatia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3097-6568","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Science and Information Technology, King Faisal University, Al Hofuf, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4626487"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045093520","display_name":"Victor Hugo C. de Albuquerque","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3886-4309"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I243754102","display_name":"Universidade Federal do Cear\u00e1","ror":"https://ror.org/03srtnf24","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor Hugo C. de Albuquerque","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Teleinformatics Engineering, Federal University of Cear&#x00E1;, Fortaleza, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3886-4309","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Teleinformatics Engineering, Federal University of Cear&#x00E1;, Fortaleza, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I243754102"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.4912,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":116,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99718091,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"11","first_page":"7889","last_page":"7898"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.960099995136261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7365891933441162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6606367230415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rgb-color-model","display_name":"RGB color model","score":0.575022280216217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.534574568271637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.47246718406677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.4474503993988037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biome","display_name":"Biome","score":0.4447154998779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.44087639451026917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4128509759902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3857359290122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3728722035884857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.17128118872642517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13664767146110535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ecology","display_name":"Ecology","score":0.09729397296905518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08694151043891907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7365891933441162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6606367230415344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82990744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166194","display_name":"RGB color model","level":2,"score":0.575022280216217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.534574568271637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.47246718406677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4474503993988037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89920630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101998","display_name":"Biome","level":3,"score":0.4447154998779297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.44087639451026917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4128509759902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3857359290122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3728722035884857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.17128118872642517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13664767146110535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.09729397296905518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08694151043891907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110872660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37813","display_name":"Ecosystem","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2021.3138752","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3138752","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.ufc.br:riufc/74693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/74693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"instacron:UFC","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorio.ufc.br:riufc/74693","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/74693","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402641","display_name":"LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Cient\u00edficas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4383465926","host_organization_name":"LA Referencia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4383465926"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"instacron:UFC","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.7599999904632568,"display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321091","display_name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","ror":"https://ror.org/00x0ma614"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2906161342","https://openalex.org/W2908941882","https://openalex.org/W2913895065","https://openalex.org/W2944039629","https://openalex.org/W2948774324","https://openalex.org/W2959716986","https://openalex.org/W2969306183","https://openalex.org/W2971627722","https://openalex.org/W2974399263","https://openalex.org/W2998116433","https://openalex.org/W2998151543","https://openalex.org/W3000469557","https://openalex.org/W3016917812","https://openalex.org/W3036604424","https://openalex.org/W3040744915","https://openalex.org/W3081856043","https://openalex.org/W3095360965","https://openalex.org/W3118364552","https://openalex.org/W3121837868","https://openalex.org/W3126518054","https://openalex.org/W3128134925","https://openalex.org/W3129290969","https://openalex.org/W3129334026","https://openalex.org/W3132476126","https://openalex.org/W3159296779","https://openalex.org/W3159348605","https://openalex.org/W3159659024","https://openalex.org/W3159936430","https://openalex.org/W3160257185","https://openalex.org/W3163486156","https://openalex.org/W3192204379","https://openalex.org/W3198908542","https://openalex.org/W3204515269"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2586774764","https://openalex.org/W2740743208","https://openalex.org/W3152287990","https://openalex.org/W3185490584","https://openalex.org/W2207589372","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W3029198973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,125,134,167],"planet":[1],"Earth":[2],"is":[3,128,165,202],"being":[4],"affected":[5],"by":[6,34],"a":[7,41,67,123,143,158,163,203],"series":[8],"of":[9,160,169,190,199],"wildfires,":[10],"which":[11,201],"have":[12,22,138],"been":[13],"steadily":[14],"increasing":[15],"over":[16],"the":[17,55,88,93,181],"last":[18],"two":[19],"decades.":[20],"Forests":[21],"undergone":[23],"deforestation":[24],"due":[25],"to":[26,130,139,142],"natural":[27],"forest":[28,31,57,62],"fires":[29,32],"and":[30,44,109,186,192],"caused":[33],"man.":[35],"These":[36],"events":[37],"are":[38,49],"occurring":[39],"on":[40,54],"global":[42],"scale,":[43],"in":[45,151],"Brazil,":[46],"these":[47],"wildfires":[48],"having":[50],"an":[51,152,188,193],"extreme":[52],"impact":[53],"Amazon":[56],"as":[58,60,146],"well":[59],"other":[61,89],"biomes.":[63],"This":[64,81],"article":[65],"proposes":[66],"novel":[68],"lightweight":[69],"convolutional":[70],"neural":[71],"network":[72],"(CNN)":[73],"model":[74],"for":[75,92,119,180],"wildfire":[76,132,164],"detection":[77],"through":[78],"RGB":[79],"images.":[80],"new":[82],"method":[83,172],"presents":[84],"more":[85],"advantages":[86],"than":[87],"methods":[90],"used":[91,101],"same":[94],"task.":[95],"Our":[96],"CNN":[97],"architecture":[98],"can":[99,148],"be":[100,140,149],"with":[102,115,122],"aerial":[103,107],"images":[104,135],"from":[105,110],"unmanned":[106],"vehicles":[108],"video":[111],"surveillance":[112],"systems,":[113],"combined":[114],"edge":[116,153],"computing":[117],"devices":[118],"image":[120],"processing":[121],"CNN.":[124],"proposed":[126,171],"system":[127],"able":[129],"send":[131],"alerts.":[133],"do":[136],"not":[137],"sent":[141],"cloud":[144],"computer":[145],"they":[147],"processed":[150],"device.":[154],"However,":[155],"it":[156,175],"sends":[157],"string":[159],"alerts":[161],"whenever":[162],"detected.":[166],"evaluation":[168],"our":[170],"showed":[173],"that":[174],"required":[176],"about":[177],"30":[178],"ms":[179],"classification":[182],"time,":[183],"per":[184],"image,":[185],"achieved":[187],"accuracy":[189],"98.97%":[191],"<inline-formula":[194],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[195],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[196],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$F1$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[197],"-score":[198],"95.77%,":[200],"very":[204],"promising":[205],"result.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}