{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4205359845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3138098","title":"An Intelligent Train Operation Method Based on Event-Driven Deep Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"An Intelligent Train Operation Method Based on Event-Driven Deep Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4205359845","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3138098"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2021.3138098","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3138098","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100741566","display_name":"Liqing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5657-1812"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liqing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5657-1812","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035706700","display_name":"Leong Hou U","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5135-5165"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leong Hou U","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5135-5165","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107556956","display_name":"Mingliang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1874-3641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingliang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1874-3641","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101552930","display_name":"Zhenning Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0877-6829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenning Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498","https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9309,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91561089,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"10","first_page":"6973","last_page":"6980"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11568","display_name":"Railway Systems and Energy Efficiency","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11568","display_name":"Railway Systems and Energy Efficiency","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14011","display_name":"Elevator Systems and Control","score":0.9850000143051147,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9796000123023987,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.9192650318145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6967542171478271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6700276136398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/event","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","score":0.6212689876556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.5675654411315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.46221134066581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.41545042395591736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3890869617462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3521178066730499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.3220183849334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.30598849058151245}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.9192650318145752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6967542171478271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6700276136398315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779662365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5416694","display_name":"Event (particle physics)","level":2,"score":0.6212689876556396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.5675654411315918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.46221134066581726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.41545042395591736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3890869617462158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3521178066730499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3220183849334717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.30598849058151245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2021.3138098","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3138098","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2889962487","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62176027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4822220004","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MYRG2019-00119-FST","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","funder_display_name":"Universidade de Macau"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322841","display_name":"Universidade de Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2009975158","https://openalex.org/W2174506693","https://openalex.org/W2290790707","https://openalex.org/W2344528945","https://openalex.org/W2417905091","https://openalex.org/W2500222322","https://openalex.org/W2518318884","https://openalex.org/W2533696363","https://openalex.org/W2734506266","https://openalex.org/W2789622907","https://openalex.org/W2794996005","https://openalex.org/W2903719424","https://openalex.org/W2907503094","https://openalex.org/W2925501946","https://openalex.org/W2932097000","https://openalex.org/W2938894022","https://openalex.org/W2950458722","https://openalex.org/W2955029024","https://openalex.org/W2976327234","https://openalex.org/W3005637364","https://openalex.org/W3016260189","https://openalex.org/W3021895009","https://openalex.org/W3080641768","https://openalex.org/W3081881315","https://openalex.org/W3088946859","https://openalex.org/W3127867698","https://openalex.org/W3159954685","https://openalex.org/W6794974856"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2367468089","https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W2358591856","https://openalex.org/W2098133976","https://openalex.org/W2347416728","https://openalex.org/W2468219149","https://openalex.org/W2974100988","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W2215702767","https://openalex.org/W4362501864"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Train":[0],"operation":[1,36,59,94],"control":[2,95],"in":[3,25,60,148],"urban":[4],"railways":[5],"is":[6,54,70,108,146],"challenging":[7],"due":[8],"to":[9,56,72],"its":[10],"high":[11],"dynamics,":[12],"complex":[13],"environment,":[14,63],"and":[15,19,64,100,123,131,141],"level":[16],"of":[17,116,137],"comfort":[18],"safety.":[20,132],"To":[21,82],"address":[22],"these":[23],"challenges,":[24],"this":[26],"article,":[27],"the":[28,74,84,89,113,135,138,142,149],"authors":[29],"propose":[30],"a":[31,49,61,126],"new":[32],"deep":[33,44],"reinforcement-based":[34],"train":[35,117],"(DRTO)":[37],"method":[38,91],"which":[39,53,69],"includes:":[40],"1)":[41,111],"A":[42],"deterministic":[43],"reinforcement":[45],"learning":[46],"algorithm,":[47],"2)":[48,119],"dynamic":[50,143],"incentive":[51,144],"system,":[52],"used":[55,71],"ensure":[57],"safe":[58],"multitrain":[62],"3)":[65,124],"an":[66,79],"event-driven":[67,80,139],"method,":[68],"improve":[73],"DRTO":[75,107],"performance":[76],"based":[77],"on":[78,97],"strategy.":[81],"evaluate":[83],"performance,":[85],"we":[86],"thoroughly":[87],"compare":[88],"proposed":[90],"with":[92],"other":[93],"solutions":[96],"both":[98],"synthetic":[99],"real":[101],"datasets.":[102],"Our":[103],"results":[104],"demonstrate":[105],"that":[106],"effective":[109],"in:":[110],"Decreasing":[112],"energy":[114],"consumption":[115],"operation,":[118],"increasing":[120],"passenger":[121],"comfort,":[122],"achieving":[125],"good":[127],"tradeoff":[128],"between":[129],"efficiency":[130],"In":[133],"addition,":[134],"effectiveness":[136],"strategy":[140],"system":[145],"demonstrated":[147],"experiments.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}