{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3206722531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3117034","title":"Visual and Intelligent Identification Methods for Defects in Underwater Structure Using Alternating Current Field Measurement Technique","display_name":"Visual and Intelligent Identification Methods for Defects in Underwater Structure Using Alternating Current Field Measurement Technique","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3206722531","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3117034","mag":"3206722531"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2021.3117034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3117034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067340014","display_name":"Xin\u2019an Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4849-441X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xinan Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Offshore Engineering and Safety Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Offshore Engineering and Safety Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100318178","display_name":"Wei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4121-0456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Offshore Engineering and Safety Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Offshore Engineering and Safety Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101407564","display_name":"Guoming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2339-7368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Offshore Engineering and Safety Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Offshore Engineering and Safety Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086080678","display_name":"Xiaokang Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3247-8730"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaokang Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Offshore Engineering and Safety Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Offshore Engineering and Safety Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100375289","display_name":"Xiao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5508-8594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Offshore Engineering and Safety Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Offshore Engineering and Safety Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100454052","display_name":"Jie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0750-1030"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Offshore Engineering and Safety Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Offshore Engineering and Safety Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073122716","display_name":"Jianchao Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1045-6928"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianchao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Offshore Engineering and Safety Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Offshore Engineering and Safety Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064849105","display_name":"Jianming Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2759-5273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162190","display_name":"China University of Petroleum, East China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gbn2817","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianming Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Offshore Engineering and Safety Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Offshore Engineering and Safety Technology, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067340014"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162190"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.168,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":60,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9492817,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"6","first_page":"3853","last_page":"3862"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11850","display_name":"Concrete Corrosion and Durability","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.752651572227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.7276386022567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6472004652023315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6242794394493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5429333448410034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.5099676847457886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4713016748428345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4636095464229584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4392286539077759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.43397819995880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.32028356194496155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.15885183215141296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14810669422149658}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.752651572227478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.7276386022567749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6472004652023315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6242794394493103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5429333448410034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.5099676847457886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4713016748428345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4636095464229584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4392286539077759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.43397819995880127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32028356194496155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.15885183215141296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14810669422149658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2021.3117034","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3117034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1466195907","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52075549","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5653947862","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52005512","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5700794383","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR201911040388","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W957779783","https://openalex.org/W1966155178","https://openalex.org/W1994022950","https://openalex.org/W1998440736","https://openalex.org/W2013188187","https://openalex.org/W2022500579","https://openalex.org/W2045548665","https://openalex.org/W2048881493","https://openalex.org/W2051412493","https://openalex.org/W2068632145","https://openalex.org/W2098135151","https://openalex.org/W2131739993","https://openalex.org/W2133886558","https://openalex.org/W2168370842","https://openalex.org/W2187215138","https://openalex.org/W2460480128","https://openalex.org/W2541199693","https://openalex.org/W2592227720","https://openalex.org/W2599378108","https://openalex.org/W2738041067","https://openalex.org/W2738321675","https://openalex.org/W2797346317","https://openalex.org/W2801686159","https://openalex.org/W2802074198","https://openalex.org/W2803086989","https://openalex.org/W2888413802","https://openalex.org/W2939384249","https://openalex.org/W2993541023","https://openalex.org/W2999989665","https://openalex.org/W3013697446","https://openalex.org/W3039107295","https://openalex.org/W3093001193","https://openalex.org/W4244079469","https://openalex.org/W4246494191","https://openalex.org/W6686979905","https://openalex.org/W6771461125"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388412763","https://openalex.org/W1999583034","https://openalex.org/W3168963531","https://openalex.org/W2591930867","https://openalex.org/W2953138830","https://openalex.org/W2773822314","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,7,24,40,46,55,63,78,83,103,123,139,145,153,158,161,165,176,194,198,205],"ocean":[2],"engineering":[3],"structure":[4],"serves":[5],"in":[6,39,59],"critical":[8],"underwater":[9,41,60,109],"environment,":[10],"a":[11,29],"variety":[12],"of":[13,57,106,167,179,189],"defects,":[14],"such":[15],"as":[16,96],"cracks":[17],"and":[18,34,48,82,164,197],"corrosions,":[19],"always":[20],"cause":[21],"damage":[22],"to":[23,32,76,101,121,137],"structure.":[25],"It":[26],"is":[27,74,94,113,135],"still":[28],"key":[30],"challenge":[31],"identify":[33,138],"evaluate":[35],"these":[36],"defects":[37,58,211],"accurately":[38,215],"environment.":[42],"In":[43],"this":[44],"article,":[45],"visual":[47,104,187],"intelligent":[49,110],"identification":[50],"methods":[51],"are":[52,118],"presented":[53,95,136],"for":[54],"inspection":[56],"structures":[61],"using":[62],"alternating":[64],"current":[65,71,80,154],"field":[66,81,86],"measurement":[67],"(ACFM)":[68],"technique.":[69],"The":[70,90,108,116,127,149,170,181,191],"perturbation":[72,155],"theory":[73,156],"developed":[75],"analyze":[77],"disturbed":[79],"distorted":[84],"magnetic":[85],"caused":[87],"by":[88,144,204],"defects.":[89,107,169,180,190],"gradient":[91,124,146,182],"imaging":[92,125,147,183],"algorithm":[93,134,184],"an":[97],"image":[98,174],"preprocessing":[99],"method":[100],"highlight":[102],"morphology":[105,166,178],"ACFM":[111],"system":[112],"set":[114],"up.":[115],"experiments":[117],"carried":[119],"out":[120],"verify":[122],"algorithm.":[126,148,209],"convolutional":[128],"neural":[129],"network":[130],"(CNN)":[131],"deep":[132,207],"learning":[133,208],"grey-scale":[140],"map":[141],"samples":[142],"preprocessed":[143],"results":[150],"show":[151],"that":[152],"clarifies":[157],"relationship":[159],"between":[160],"characteristic":[162],"signal":[163],"various":[168],"<italic":[171],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[172],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Bz</i>":[173],"reflects":[175],"surface":[177],"can":[185,200,212],"achieve":[186],"detection":[188],"single":[192],"crack,":[193,196],"irregular":[195],"corrosion":[199],"be":[201,213],"identified":[202],"intelligently":[203],"CNN":[206],"These":[210],"evaluated":[214],"after":[216],"classification.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}