{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3201593645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3112696","title":"Graph Cardinality Preserved Attention Network for Fault Diagnosis of Induction Motor Under Varying Speed and Load Condition","display_name":"Graph Cardinality Preserved Attention Network for Fault Diagnosis of Induction Motor Under Varying Speed and Load Condition","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3201593645","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3112696","mag":"3201593645"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2021.3112696","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3112696","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014611666","display_name":"Yao Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7761-4367"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7761-4367","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100447049","display_name":"Xiaofei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8256-0401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8256-0401","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101520064","display_name":"Guojun Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1610-7112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guojun Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1610-7112","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060440457","display_name":"Zhuo Long","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5018-7086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuo Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5018-7086","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068705108","display_name":"Shoudao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6923-9605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shoudao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6923-9605","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102027781","display_name":"Dianyi Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0439-6340"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dianyi Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0439-6340","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Haidong Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7106-0009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haidong Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7106-0009","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electrical and Information Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4164,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96275989,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"6","first_page":"3702","last_page":"3712"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10220","display_name":"Machine Fault Diagnosis Techniques","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9739000201225281,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12111","display_name":"Industrial Vision Systems and Defect Detection","score":0.916100025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardinality","display_name":"Cardinality (data modeling)","score":0.6706059575080872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.5747919678688049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5366159677505493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","score":0.5186589956283569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.5173158645629883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homogeneous","display_name":"Homogeneous","score":0.4806022346019745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vibration","display_name":"Vibration","score":0.4773954749107361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.46983668208122253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.4358539283275604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/induction-motor","display_name":"Induction motor","score":0.4163520932197571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40367865562438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3652486205101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3513728082180023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.30006033182144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2691488265991211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20570415258407593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.14499732851982117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.1434539556503296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.08154100179672241}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87117476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362383","display_name":"Cardinality (data modeling)","level":2,"score":0.6706059575080872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.5747919678688049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5366159677505493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5186589956283569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.5173158645629883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66882249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169336","display_name":"Homogeneous","level":2,"score":0.4806022346019745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198394728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3695508","display_name":"Vibration","level":2,"score":0.4773954749107361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.46983668208122253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4358539283275604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80962145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207450","display_name":"Induction motor","level":3,"score":0.4163520932197571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40367865562438965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3652486205101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3513728082180023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.30006033182144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2691488265991211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20570415258407593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.14499732851982117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.1434539556503296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.08154100179672241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2021.3112696","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3112696","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4399999976158142,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1240826254","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"52077064","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2095727900","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2118246710","https://openalex.org/W2187089797","https://openalex.org/W2317595875","https://openalex.org/W2338025117","https://openalex.org/W2461729787","https://openalex.org/W2602809673","https://openalex.org/W2808622270","https://openalex.org/W2811058982","https://openalex.org/W2883803180","https://openalex.org/W2898375427","https://openalex.org/W2899279252","https://openalex.org/W2906110081","https://openalex.org/W2912859364","https://openalex.org/W2914334963","https://openalex.org/W2922246408","https://openalex.org/W2926209221","https://openalex.org/W2986466936","https://openalex.org/W2990909245","https://openalex.org/W2991632793","https://openalex.org/W2998830408","https://openalex.org/W3000384844","https://openalex.org/W3005486352","https://openalex.org/W3006019444","https://openalex.org/W3040248309","https://openalex.org/W3089819258","https://openalex.org/W3095770430","https://openalex.org/W3103472792","https://openalex.org/W4297733535","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6753360119","https://openalex.org/W6770102389","https://openalex.org/W6770277327","https://openalex.org/W6785999831"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2135014268","https://openalex.org/W2951405238","https://openalex.org/W2116269134","https://openalex.org/W1956066404","https://openalex.org/W2094705321","https://openalex.org/W2148795476","https://openalex.org/W2125475525","https://openalex.org/W2546871836","https://openalex.org/W2136485282","https://openalex.org/W2378026480"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,13,56,75,114,127,130],"long-term":[2],"operation":[3],"of":[4,70,132],"motors,":[5],"their":[6],"working":[7,49,136],"conditions":[8,137],"are":[9,61,68,78],"changing":[10],"due":[11],"to":[12,55,94,107,118],"industrial":[14],"demands":[15],"or":[16],"declining":[17],"health":[18],"status,":[19],"and":[20,51,72,103,110,141],"traditional":[21],"diagnosis":[22,34],"methods":[23],"perform":[24],"poorly":[25],"in":[26,98,139],"that":[27],"case.":[28],"This":[29],"article":[30],"proposes":[31],"a":[32],"fault":[33],"method":[35],"based":[36],"on":[37],"graph":[38],"cardinality":[39],"preserved":[40],"attention":[41],"network":[42],"(GCPAT),":[43],"which":[44,67],"can":[45,52],"work":[46],"under":[47,134],"varying":[48,135],"conditions,":[50],"be":[53],"generalized":[54],"transient":[57,142],"state.":[58,143],"Diagnosis":[59],"results":[60,128],"obtained":[62],"by":[63,84],"analyzing":[64],"signal-converting":[65],"graphs,":[66],"composed":[69],"nodes":[71],"edges.":[73],"First,":[74],"vibration":[76],"signals":[77],"converted":[79],"into":[80],"symmetrical":[81],"snowflake":[82],"images":[83,100],"symmetrized":[85],"dot":[86],"pattern":[87],"(SDP)":[88],"method.":[89],"Second,":[90],"SLIC":[91],"is":[92,116],"developed":[93],"make":[95],"homogeneous":[96],"super-pixels":[97],"SDP":[99],"as":[101],"nodes,":[102],"form":[104],"graphs":[105],"according":[106],"color,":[108],"texture,":[109],"distance":[111],"features.":[112],"Finally,":[113],"GCPAT":[115,133],"utilized":[117],"distinguish":[119],"motor":[120],"status.":[121],"Compared":[122],"with":[123],"other":[124],"state-of-art":[125],"methods,":[126],"show":[129],"out-performance":[131],"both":[138],"steady":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-06-25T08:15:23.626066","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
