{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3201039207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3112095","title":"Bilevel Heat\u2013Electricity Energy Sharing for Integrated Energy Systems With Energy Hubs and Prosumers","display_name":"Bilevel Heat\u2013Electricity Energy Sharing for Integrated Energy Systems With Energy Hubs and Prosumers","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3201039207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3112095","mag":"3201039207"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2021.3112095","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3112095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100377349","display_name":"Nian Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5971-7995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nian Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","[School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China, 102206 (e-mail: nian_liu@163.com)]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China, 102206 (e-mail: nian_liu@163.com)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100686716","display_name":"T. Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5577-3057"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065708131","display_name":"Haonan Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-9604"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haonan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039042766","display_name":"Zhenyu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3344-4463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153473198","display_name":"North China Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr5t414","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","[North China Electric Power University, 47840 Beijing, China, 102206 (e-mail: zhenyu_zhou@ncepu.edu.cn)]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Alternate Electrical Power System with Renewable Energy Sources, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[North China Electric Power University, 47840 Beijing, China, 102206 (e-mail: zhenyu_zhou@ncepu.edu.cn)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086730885","display_name":"Bin Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9863-9010"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of State Grid Fuzhou Electric Power Supply Company, Fuzhou, China","[Beijing, China, 102206 (e-mail: bin_93@126.com)]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of State Grid Fuzhou Electric Power Supply Company, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Beijing, China, 102206 (e-mail: bin_93@126.com)]","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100377349"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153473198"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5896,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":96,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98016521,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"6","first_page":"3754","last_page":"3765"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11185","display_name":"Integrated Energy Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6635445952415466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilevel-optimization","display_name":"Bilevel optimization","score":0.6437256932258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.6009357571601868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4805881977081299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.4693765640258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-generation","display_name":"Distributed generation","score":0.42794156074523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lagrange-multiplier","display_name":"Lagrange multiplier","score":0.4257808029651642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.423797070980072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.34814655780792236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/renewable-energy","display_name":"Renewable energy","score":0.2477971911430359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.23318296670913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.18888455629348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11928817629814148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.11698150634765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.09328773617744446}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6635445952415466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3309286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4907693","display_name":"Bilevel optimization","level":3,"score":0.6437256932258606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.6009357571601868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4805881977081299},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4693765640258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544738498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q861135","display_name":"Distributed generation","level":3,"score":0.42794156074523926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73684929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q598870","display_name":"Lagrange multiplier","level":2,"score":0.4257808029651642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.423797070980072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.34814655780792236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.2477971911430359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.23318296670913696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.18888455629348755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11928817629814148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.11698150634765625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.09328773617744446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2021.3112095","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3112095","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8327496768","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51877076","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1590174667","https://openalex.org/W1968616400","https://openalex.org/W1989357193","https://openalex.org/W2008406084","https://openalex.org/W2020569685","https://openalex.org/W2037175606","https://openalex.org/W2042286626","https://openalex.org/W2062100562","https://openalex.org/W2075469757","https://openalex.org/W2160643434","https://openalex.org/W2317640106","https://openalex.org/W2344010882","https://openalex.org/W2344383225","https://openalex.org/W2534773904","https://openalex.org/W2544892650","https://openalex.org/W2576678952","https://openalex.org/W2730891456","https://openalex.org/W2740879102","https://openalex.org/W2758303957","https://openalex.org/W2759814212","https://openalex.org/W2768349256","https://openalex.org/W2776119950","https://openalex.org/W2801208480","https://openalex.org/W2804829069","https://openalex.org/W2883514404","https://openalex.org/W2888245350","https://openalex.org/W2889114870","https://openalex.org/W2896938032","https://openalex.org/W2897451807","https://openalex.org/W2932625162","https://openalex.org/W2946701076","https://openalex.org/W3042458244","https://openalex.org/W3157235689"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2479207418","https://openalex.org/W4237041411","https://openalex.org/W1588628884","https://openalex.org/W1994745260","https://openalex.org/W2382404424","https://openalex.org/W2012267561","https://openalex.org/W3018909868","https://openalex.org/W3040509871","https://openalex.org/W1597439928","https://openalex.org/W2602511199"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"heat\u2013electricity":[1,62],"integrated":[2,34],"energy":[3,7,18,29,35,63,68,80,130],"system":[4,37,81,143],"(HE-IES)":[5],"with":[6],"hubs":[8],"(EHs)":[9],"and":[10,31,56,73,100,109,136,146,162,165,187,190],"prosumers":[11,40,72],"is":[12,49,82,86,121,144,169],"the":[13,25,53,67,77,90,96,107,124,140,160,173,176,180,183,188,193],"typical":[14],"form":[15],"of":[16,27,38,92,116,153,182,192],"future":[17],"systems.":[19],"An":[20],"EH":[21,75,94],"can":[22],"efficiently":[23],"model":[24],"integration":[26],"different":[28,101],"carriers":[30],"coordinate":[32],"an":[33,74,93,166],"sharing":[36,64,69,131],"multiple":[39],"in":[41,76,123,139],"HE-IES.":[42],"In":[43,112],"this":[44],"article,":[45],"a":[46,60,114,128],"closed-loop":[47,185],"framework":[48,132,186],"designed":[50,105,170],"to":[51,88,158,171],"integrate":[52],"contract":[54,102,119],"theory":[55,85],"consensus":[57],"algorithms":[58],"for":[59,106],"bilevel":[61,184],"system.":[65],"First,":[66],"scheme":[70],"between":[71],"lower":[78],"level":[79,142],"formulated.":[83],"Contract":[84],"utilized":[87],"maximize":[89],"profits":[91],"under":[95],"information":[97],"asymmetry":[98],"scenario,":[99],"items":[103,120],"are":[104,149,156],"electric":[108,161],"thermal":[110,163],"networks.":[111],"particular,":[113],"set":[115],"new":[117],"bidirectional":[118],"proposed":[122],"electrical":[125],"network.":[126],"Furthermore,":[127],"consensus-based":[129],"among":[133],"various":[134],"EHs":[135],"utility":[137],"grid":[138],"upper":[141],"developed":[145],"network":[147],"constraints":[148],"considered.":[150],"Two":[151],"types":[152],"Lagrange":[154],"multipliers":[155],"defined":[157],"decouple":[159],"network,":[164],"interactive":[167],"mechanism":[168],"solve":[172],"problem.":[174],"Finally,":[175],"simulation":[177],"results":[178],"verify":[179],"convergence":[181],"feasibility":[189],"performance":[191],"scheme.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}