{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3194784047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3105115","title":"A Human-Machine Reinforcement Learning Method for Cooperative Energy Management","display_name":"A Human-Machine Reinforcement Learning Method for Cooperative Energy Management","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3194784047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3105115","mag":"3194784047"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2021.3105115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3105115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081771298","display_name":"Yuechuan Tao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4806-1227"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuechuan Tao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","[School of Electrical and Information Engineering, The University of Sydney, 4334 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 2006 (e-mail: ytao5383@uni.sydney.edu.au)]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4806-1227","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Electrical and Information Engineering, The University of Sydney, 4334 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 2006 (e-mail: ytao5383@uni.sydney.edu.au)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040046000","display_name":"Jing Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8507-0558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","[The University of Sydney, 4334 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 2006 (e-mail: qiujing0322@gmail.com)]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8507-0558","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[The University of Sydney, 4334 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 2006 (e-mail: qiujing0322@gmail.com)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027589332","display_name":"Shuying Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7492-7931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuying Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","[School of Electrical and Information Engineering, The University of Sydney, 4334 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 2006 (e-mail: slai5451@uni.sydney.edu.au)]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[School of Electrical and Information Engineering, The University of Sydney, 4334 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 2006 (e-mail: slai5451@uni.sydney.edu.au)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064685420","display_name":"Xian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9586-2345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9586-2345","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101495486","display_name":"Yunqi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1013-5497"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunqi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Information Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","[The University of Sydney, 4334 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 2006 (e-mail: yunqi.wang@sydney.edu.au)]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1013-5497","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Information Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[The University of Sydney, 4334 Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, 2006 (e-mail: yunqi.wang@sydney.edu.au)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101857631","display_name":"Guibin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0447-1267"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guibin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","[College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, 47890 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, 518060 (e-mail: wanggb@szu.edu.cn)]"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0447-1267","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, 47890 Shenzhen, Guangdong, China, 518060 (e-mail: wanggb@szu.edu.cn)]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0487,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":51,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91939008,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"5","first_page":"2974","last_page":"2985"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8647552728652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.7281168699264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7176836729049683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/q-learning","display_name":"Q-learning","score":0.4770457148551941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.4674839377403259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4528820812702179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.43345212936401367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grid","display_name":"Grid","score":0.42045459151268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.33023321628570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.27533116936683655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.2607148587703705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22621038556098938}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8647552728652954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.7281168699264526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7176836729049683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188116033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2664563","display_name":"Q-learning","level":3,"score":0.4770457148551941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.4674839377403259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4528820812702179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.43345212936401367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.42045459151268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.33023321628570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.27533116936683655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.2607148587703705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22621038556098938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2021.3105115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3105115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2841560959","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"72001058","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321940","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1505500645","https://openalex.org/W2040611596","https://openalex.org/W2090359259","https://openalex.org/W2114461427","https://openalex.org/W2115801488","https://openalex.org/W2117685617","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2209987497","https://openalex.org/W2257979135","https://openalex.org/W2327685928","https://openalex.org/W2607847905","https://openalex.org/W2736549917","https://openalex.org/W2748388862","https://openalex.org/W2792900553","https://openalex.org/W2802385449","https://openalex.org/W2954513116","https://openalex.org/W2961565430","https://openalex.org/W2963317745","https://openalex.org/W2973885157","https://openalex.org/W2979897999","https://openalex.org/W2990309860","https://openalex.org/W3003864893","https://openalex.org/W3005637364","https://openalex.org/W3012637223","https://openalex.org/W3020239300","https://openalex.org/W3033672499","https://openalex.org/W3107276964","https://openalex.org/W3160699007"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1589973774","https://openalex.org/W2353074559","https://openalex.org/W2171108821","https://openalex.org/W2023642087","https://openalex.org/W2074513827","https://openalex.org/W2402141875","https://openalex.org/W3125701662","https://openalex.org/W1498762745","https://openalex.org/W148990555","https://openalex.org/W2742483371"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,60,89,117],"increasing":[1],"penetration":[2],"of":[3,11,79,119,152,174],"distributed":[4],"energy":[5,49],"resources":[6],"and":[7,55,74,111,145,155,191],"a":[8,35,171],"large":[9],"volume":[10],"unprecedented":[12],"data":[13],"from":[14],"smart":[15,28,43],"metering":[16],"infrastructure":[17],"can":[18,131,163],"help":[19],"consumers":[20],"transit":[21],"to":[22,46],"an":[23,48],"active":[24],"role":[25],"in":[26,41,127,150],"the":[27,42,65,70,82,100,104,120,141,160,180,192,196],"grid.":[29],"In":[30],"this":[31],"article,":[32],"we":[33],"propose":[34],"human-machine":[36,122],"reinforcement":[37],"learning":[38,96,105],"(RL)":[39],"framework":[40,124],"grid":[44],"context":[45],"formulate":[47],"management":[50],"strategy":[51],"for":[52],"electric":[53],"vehicles":[54],"thermostatically":[56],"controlled":[57],"loads":[58],"aggregators.":[59],"proposed":[61,121,136,161],"model-free":[62],"method":[63,137,162,190],"accelerates":[64],"decision-making":[66,197],"speed":[67],"by":[68],"substituting":[69],"conventional":[71,142,181],"optimization":[72],"process,":[73],"it":[75],"is":[76,92,125,199],"more":[77],"capable":[78],"coping":[80],"with":[81,94,166,179],"diverse":[83],"system":[84],"environment":[85],"via":[86],"online":[87],"learning.":[88],"human":[90],"intervention":[91],"coordinated":[93],"machine":[95],"to:":[97],"1)":[98],"prevent":[99],"huge":[101],"loss":[102],"during":[103],"process;":[106],"2)":[107],"realize":[108],"emergency":[109],"control;":[110],"3)":[112],"find":[113],"preferable":[114,156],"control":[115],"policy.":[116],"performance":[118],"RL":[123],"verified":[126],"case":[128],"studies.":[129],"It":[130],"be":[132],"concluded":[133],"that":[134],"our":[135,189],"performs":[138],"better":[139,164],"than":[140],"deep":[143,146],"Q-learning":[144],"deterministic":[147],"policy":[148],"gradient":[149],"terms":[151],"convergence":[153],"capability":[154],"result":[157],"exploration.":[158],"Besides,":[159],"deal":[165],"emergent":[167],"events,":[168],"such":[169],"as":[170],"sudden":[172],"drop":[173],"photovoltaic":[175],"(PV)":[176],"output.":[177],"Compared":[178],"model-based":[182],"method,":[183],"there":[184],"are":[185],"slight":[186],"deviations":[187],"between":[188],"optimal":[193],"solution,":[194],"but":[195],"time":[198],"significantly":[200],"reduced.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}