{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3193474598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3103406","title":"Mission Effective Capacity\u2014A Novel Dependability Metric: A Study Case of Multiconnectivity-Enabled URLLC for IIoT","display_name":"Mission Effective Capacity\u2014A Novel Dependability Metric: A Study Case of Multiconnectivity-Enabled URLLC for IIoT","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3193474598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3103406","mag":"3193474598"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2021.3103406","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3103406","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/9424/9717272/09512400.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/9424/9717272/09512400.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101529001","display_name":"Irfan Muhammad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5703-7988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Irfan Muhammad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5703-7988","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040878028","display_name":"Hirley Alves","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8689-5313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hirley Alves","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8689-5313","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011675848","display_name":"Nurul Huda Mahmood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1478-2272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nurul Huda Mahmood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1478-2272","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034968363","display_name":"Onel L. Alcaraz L\u00f3pez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1838-5183"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Onel L. Alcaraz Lopez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1838-5183","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035872239","display_name":"Matti Latva\u2010aho","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6261-0969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matti Latva-aho","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6261-0969","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0653,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87132486,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"6","first_page":"4180","last_page":"4188"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dependability","display_name":"Dependability","score":0.7123377323150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6172420382499695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6114735007286072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5551450848579407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-theory","display_name":"Reliability theory","score":0.5434397459030151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.4306359887123108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.4189741015434265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3822040557861328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3703163266181946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3553219139575958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.32368338108062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/failure-rate","display_name":"Failure rate","score":0.2628035843372345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.21709281206130981}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77019957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2689057","display_name":"Dependability","level":2,"score":0.7123377323150635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6172420382499695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6114735007286072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5551450848579407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201729545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability theory","level":3,"score":0.5434397459030151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4306359887123108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.4189741015434265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3822040557861328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3703163266181946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3553219139575958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.32368338108062744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163164238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2737027","display_name":"Failure rate","level":2,"score":0.2628035843372345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.21709281206130981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2021.3103406","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3103406","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/9424/9717272/09512400.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:oulu.fi:nbnfi-fe2022082956586","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://urn.fi/urn:nbn:fi-fe2022082956586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400284","display_name":"University of Oulu Repository (University of Oulu)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","host_organization_name":"University of Oulu","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2021.3103406","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3103406","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/9424/9717272/09512400.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5299999713897705}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1025593132","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"318937","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2464238444","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"319008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3193474598.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3193474598.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1559340406","https://openalex.org/W1870161617","https://openalex.org/W2056590040","https://openalex.org/W2063142364","https://openalex.org/W2106864314","https://openalex.org/W2115632051","https://openalex.org/W2145071552","https://openalex.org/W2170646120","https://openalex.org/W2237073493","https://openalex.org/W2795817386","https://openalex.org/W2808048481","https://openalex.org/W2811266402","https://openalex.org/W2884772916","https://openalex.org/W2890314881","https://openalex.org/W2901251891","https://openalex.org/W2909576504","https://openalex.org/W2947056267","https://openalex.org/W2962860309","https://openalex.org/W2963829778","https://openalex.org/W2964060933","https://openalex.org/W2970551830","https://openalex.org/W2982548805","https://openalex.org/W2989250322","https://openalex.org/W3005116230","https://openalex.org/W3035690182","https://openalex.org/W3040141519","https://openalex.org/W3195260842","https://openalex.org/W4206809386","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4307368536","https://openalex.org/W6633381752","https://openalex.org/W6677082391","https://openalex.org/W6797261809"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169628522","https://openalex.org/W4252527915","https://openalex.org/W2409287660","https://openalex.org/W2233357156","https://openalex.org/W1976489385","https://openalex.org/W4256317220","https://openalex.org/W2010423808","https://openalex.org/W1981969630","https://openalex.org/W2067279514","https://openalex.org/W2028899344"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Various":[0],"industrial":[1,67],"Internet":[2],"of":[3,20,25,37,96,108,133],"Things":[4],"applications":[5],"demand":[6],"execution":[7],"periods":[8],"throughout":[9],"which":[10,128],"no":[11,77],"communication":[12,28],"failure":[13,134],"is":[14,129,181],"tolerated.":[15],"However,":[16],"the":[17,23,34,38,93,105,109,113,122,130,137,171,177,185],"classical":[18],"understanding":[19],"reliability":[21,49,107,179],"in":[22,163],"context":[24],"ultra-reliable":[26],"low-latency":[27],"(URLLC)":[29],"does":[30],"not":[31],"reflect":[32],"on":[33],"time-varying":[35],"characteristics":[36],"wireless":[39],"channel.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42],"article,":[43],"we":[44,91,141],"introduce":[45],"a":[46],"novel":[47],"mission":[48,51,106,178],"and":[50,86,99,154],"effective":[52],"capacity":[53],"metric":[54],"that":[55],"takes":[56],"these":[57],"phenomena":[58],"medium":[59],"into":[60],"account,":[61],"while":[62],"specifically":[63],"studying":[64],"multiconnectivity":[65],"(MC)-enabled":[66],"radio":[68],"systems.":[69],"We":[70,117],"assume":[71],"uplink":[72],"short":[73],"packet":[74],"transmission":[75],"with":[76,166],"channel":[78],"state":[79],"information":[80],"at":[81],"URLLC":[82],"user":[83],"(the":[84],"transmitter)":[85],"sporadic":[87],"traffic":[88],"arrival.":[89],"Moreover,":[90,140],"leverage":[92],"existing":[94],"framework":[95],"dependability":[97],"theory":[98],"provide":[100],"closed-form":[101],"expressions":[102],"(CFEs)":[103],"for":[104,136,146],"MC":[110],"system":[111],"using":[112],"maximal-ratio":[114],"combining":[115],"scheme.":[116],"do":[118],"so":[119],"by":[120],"utilizing":[121],"mean":[123],"time":[124,132],"to":[125,168],"first":[126,138],"failure,":[127],"expected":[131],"occurring":[135],"time.":[139,169],"also":[142],"derive":[143],"exact":[144],"CFEs":[145],"second-order":[147],"statistics,":[148],"such":[149],"as":[150],"level":[151],"crossing":[152],"rate":[153],"average":[155],"fade":[156],"duration,":[157],"showing":[158],"how":[159],"fades":[160],"are":[161],"distributed":[162],"fading":[164],"channels":[165],"respect":[167],"Furthermore,":[170],"design":[172],"throughput":[173],"maximization":[174],"problem":[175],"under":[176],"constraint":[180],"solved":[182],"numerically":[183],"through":[184],"cross-entropy":[186],"method.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}