{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3194528354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3096832","title":"A Flexible Permission Ascription (FPA)-Based Blockchain Framework for Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading With Performance Evaluation","display_name":"A Flexible Permission Ascription (FPA)-Based Blockchain Framework for Peer-to-Peer Energy Trading With Performance Evaluation","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3194528354","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3096832","mag":"3194528354"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2021.3096832","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3096832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018787225","display_name":"Nihar Ranjan Pradhan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-3101"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9523339","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Meghalaya","ror":"https://ror.org/020vd6n84","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9523339"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nihar Ranjan Pradhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2193-3101","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9523339"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057925879","display_name":"Akhilendra Pratap Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8840-4744"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9523339","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Meghalaya","ror":"https://ror.org/020vd6n84","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9523339"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akhilendra Pratap Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9523339"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100409306","display_name":"Neeraj Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3020-3947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143578492","display_name":"Asia University","ror":"https://ror.org/038a1tp19","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143578492"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162030827","display_name":"Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00wdq3744","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]}],"countries":["IN","TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neeraj Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India","Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3020-3947","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162030827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143578492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085933596","display_name":"Mohammad Mehedi Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3479-3606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Mehedi Hassan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Chair of Pervasive and Mobile Computing, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3479-3606","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Chair of Pervasive and Mobile Computing, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011943818","display_name":"Diptendu Sinha Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9731-2534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9523339","display_name":"National Institute of Technology Meghalaya","ror":"https://ror.org/020vd6n84","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9523339"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Diptendu Sinha Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9731-2534","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Institute of Technology Meghalaya, Shillong, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9523339"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.6252,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98431297,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"2465","last_page":"2475"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9965000152587891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.732852578163147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-fault-tolerance","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","score":0.5635862350463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.5495260953903198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4472794532775879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vendor","display_name":"Vendor","score":0.4407205283641815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peer-to-peer","display_name":"Peer-to-peer","score":0.43186238408088684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/javascript","display_name":"JavaScript","score":0.41314277052879333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/asynchronous-communication","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","score":0.41079550981521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.37248533964157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.34340494871139526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.2807055115699768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.2624833583831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2621474862098694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.732852578163147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168021876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353446","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.5635862350463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.5495260953903198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4472794532775879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777338717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1762621","display_name":"Vendor","level":2,"score":0.4407205283641815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534932454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161410","display_name":"Peer-to-peer","level":2,"score":0.43186238408088684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544833334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005","display_name":"JavaScript","level":2,"score":0.41314277052879333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.41079550981521606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.37248533964157104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.34340494871139526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.2807055115699768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2624833583831787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2621474862098694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2021.3096832","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3096832","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7200000286102295,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335726","display_name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Saud University","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2503224385","https://openalex.org/W2786215208","https://openalex.org/W2909561325","https://openalex.org/W2948753392","https://openalex.org/W2948768133","https://openalex.org/W2950831588","https://openalex.org/W2980440927","https://openalex.org/W3007135681","https://openalex.org/W3024823144","https://openalex.org/W3084190115","https://openalex.org/W3090688964","https://openalex.org/W3098549142","https://openalex.org/W3103344813","https://openalex.org/W3113404185","https://openalex.org/W3126304874","https://openalex.org/W3126929414","https://openalex.org/W3135598449","https://openalex.org/W3156844446","https://openalex.org/W3166193519"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257","https://openalex.org/W4200519603"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,9,73,134,190,220,257,265,278],"proliferation":[2],"of":[3,8,15,44,141,189,195,205,237],"smart":[4],"grid":[5],"and":[6,32,98,157,164,187,207,214,229,231,276],"deregulation":[7],"energy":[10,18,63,148,279],"market,":[11],"a":[12,42,61,89,109,142,146,282],"wide":[13],"variety":[14],"peer-to-peer":[16],"(P2P)":[17],"trading":[19,64,149],"systems":[20,28],"have":[21,40,50],"emerged.":[22],"Common":[23],"challenges":[24],"for":[25,60,139,145,166,273],"designing":[26],"such":[27,168],"include":[29],"prosumers\u2019":[30],"privacy":[31],"security":[33],"threats.":[34],"To":[35],"this":[36,86],"end,":[37],"Blockchain-based":[38],"solutions":[39,49],"gained":[41],"lot":[43],"attention,":[45],"though":[46],"most":[47],"existing":[48],"either":[51],"employed":[52],"permissionless":[53],"blockchain,":[54],"which":[55],"is":[56,137,245],"far":[57],"from":[58],"pragmatic":[59],"P2P":[62,147,283],"system":[65],"with":[66,124,159,256,289],"peers":[67],"permitted":[68],"to":[69,281],"join":[70],"or":[71,78],"leave":[72],"network":[74,286],"at":[75],"their":[76],"whim;":[77],"relatively":[79],"secure":[80],"yet":[81],"inefficient":[82],"permissioned":[83,91,121],"blockchains.":[84],"Hence,":[85],"article":[87],"presents":[88],"flexible":[90],"ascription":[92],"(FPA)":[93],"scheme":[94,101],"that":[95,204,236,264],"uses":[96],"on-chain":[97],"off-chain":[99],"permissioning":[100,107],"viaOrionandMetamaskwallet.":[102],"It":[103,260],"also":[104],"employs":[105],"contract":[106],"through":[108],"JavaScript":[110],"based":[111,120],"chain":[112],"code":[113],"deployed":[114],"over":[115],"Hyperledger":[116,162],"Besu":[117],"(an":[118],"Ethereum":[119,206],"Blockchain":[122,285],"network)":[123],"istanbul":[125],"byzantine":[126],"fault":[127],"tolerant":[128],"(IBFT)":[129],"2.0":[130,197],"consensus":[131,291],"algorithm.":[132],"Additionally,":[133],"proposed":[135,258,266],"framework":[136,268],"emulated":[138],"development":[140],"working":[143],"prototype":[144],"system.":[150],"Its":[151],"performance":[152,188,272],"evaluation":[153],"has":[154,261],"been":[155,262],"conducted":[156],"monitored":[158],"Grafana,":[160],"Prometheus,":[161],"Caliper,":[163],"Kibana":[165],"parameters":[167],"as":[169],"latency,":[170],"throughput,":[171],"success":[172],"rate,":[173],"CPU":[174],"time,":[175,177,180,186],"block":[176,178,241],"behind":[179],"memory":[181],"usage,":[182],"garbage":[183],"collection":[184],"(GC)":[185],"validator":[191],"nodes.":[192],"The":[193,239,248],"latency":[194],"IBFT":[196],"was":[198,223],"found":[199],"five":[200],"times":[201,209,225,233],"lesser":[202,210],"than":[203,211,227,235],"two":[208],"HF":[212],"RAFT":[213,228],"KAFKA":[215],"under":[216],"varying":[217],"conditions.":[218],"Also,":[219],"measured":[221,244,251],"throughput":[222],"1.5":[224],"higher":[226,234],"Kafka":[230],"three":[232],"Ethereum.":[238],"average":[240],"confirmation":[242],"time":[243],"5\u20136":[246],"s.":[247],"GC":[249],"usage":[250],"very":[252],"less,":[253],"i.e.,":[254],"0.5\u20130.8%,":[255],"framework.":[259],"observed":[263],"energy-trading":[267,284],"provides":[269],"an":[270],"efficient":[271],"deploying,":[274],"transferring,":[275],"querying":[277],"transaction":[280],"when":[287],"compared":[288],"other":[290],"mechanisms.":[292]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}