{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3160622832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3078556","title":"A LoRaWAN IoT-Enabled Trash Bin Level Monitoring System","display_name":"A LoRaWAN IoT-Enabled Trash Bin Level Monitoring System","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3160622832","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3078556","mag":"3160622832"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2021.3078556","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3078556","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063437407","display_name":"S. R. Jino Ramson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3381-2246"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I464993","display_name":"Barkatullah University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ax13658","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I464993"]}],"countries":["IN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. R. Jino Ramson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal, India,","School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3381-2246","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal, India,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I464993"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering Technology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084176216","display_name":"S Vishnu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149313025","display_name":"Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology & Research","ror":"https://ror.org/03bzf1g85","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149313025"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Vishnu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Guntur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1337-8566","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research, Guntur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149313025"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050541572","display_name":"A. Alfred Kirubaraj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0853-8572"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119668213","display_name":"Karunya University","ror":"https://ror.org/03k23nv15","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119668213"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alfred Kirubaraj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119668213"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019022931","display_name":"Theodoros Anagnostopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5587-2848"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094138","display_name":"University of West Attica","ror":"https://ror.org/00r2r5k05","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094138"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodoros Anagnostopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Business Administration, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Business Administration, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094138"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045534879","display_name":"Adnan M. Abu\u2010Mahfouz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6413-3924"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137616099","display_name":"Tshwane University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037mrss42","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137616099"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21360634","display_name":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05j00sr48","country_code":"ZA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adnan Abu-Mahfouz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and the Department of Electrical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6413-3924","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) and the Department of Electrical Engineering, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137616099","https://openalex.org/I21360634"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3444,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":77,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95373878,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"786","last_page":"795"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12222","display_name":"IoT-based Smart Home Systems","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9783999919891357,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bin","display_name":"Bin","score":0.7238466143608093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/garbage","display_name":"Garbage","score":0.6826078295707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/municipal-solid-waste","display_name":"Municipal solid waste","score":0.5671810507774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/default-gateway","display_name":"Default gateway","score":0.5141223073005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.499708890914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.4910464286804199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geolocation","display_name":"Geolocation","score":0.414590984582901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pallet","display_name":"Pallet","score":0.41233372688293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3470384180545807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.30199211835861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29102832078933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-management","display_name":"Waste management","score":0.25844860076904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.23831400275230408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.19189879298210144}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156273044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4913766","display_name":"Bin","level":2,"score":0.7238466143608093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75403996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5521979","display_name":"Garbage","level":2,"score":0.6826078295707703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75779659","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18538","display_name":"Municipal solid waste","level":2,"score":0.5671810507774353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187713609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465461","display_name":"Default gateway","level":2,"score":0.5141223073005676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.499708890914917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.4910464286804199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22041718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q638949","display_name":"Geolocation","level":2,"score":0.414590984582901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51413319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505996","display_name":"Pallet","level":2,"score":0.41233372688293457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3470384180545807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.30199211835861206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29102832078933716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.25844860076904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.23831400275230408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.19189879298210144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2021.3078556","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3078556","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","score":0.4000000059604645}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324214","display_name":"African Laser Centre, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research","ror":"https://ror.org/05j00sr48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1665009454","https://openalex.org/W1900816525","https://openalex.org/W1988219701","https://openalex.org/W2011310144","https://openalex.org/W2015768754","https://openalex.org/W2039385967","https://openalex.org/W2047352628","https://openalex.org/W2059717829","https://openalex.org/W2559906851","https://openalex.org/W2769912512","https://openalex.org/W2772302502","https://openalex.org/W2772929437","https://openalex.org/W2800775816","https://openalex.org/W2802737238","https://openalex.org/W2811266402","https://openalex.org/W2890014043","https://openalex.org/W2907169042","https://openalex.org/W2908982340","https://openalex.org/W2933236467","https://openalex.org/W2940853025","https://openalex.org/W2943533481","https://openalex.org/W2974384254","https://openalex.org/W2985363936","https://openalex.org/W3007580262","https://openalex.org/W4237646143","https://openalex.org/W6637095633","https://openalex.org/W6750637073","https://openalex.org/W6774646506"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W59439004","https://openalex.org/W368706031","https://openalex.org/W575696998","https://openalex.org/W4362509302","https://openalex.org/W2392846390","https://openalex.org/W2886683520","https://openalex.org/W2761968398","https://openalex.org/W2942888900","https://openalex.org/W2964820657","https://openalex.org/W4312576339"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Municipal":[0],"solid":[1,29,82],"waste":[2,75,83],"management":[3,76],"remains":[4],"a":[5,52,55,74,93,143,153,157,167,176,202,216,219],"major":[6],"problem":[7],"in":[8,22,66,122],"urban":[9],"areas,":[10],"leading":[11],"to":[12,25,46,70,130,152],"serious":[13],"health":[14],"and":[15,43,90,119,139,149,172,178,190,197,218,225,234,239],"environmental":[16],"issues.Consequently,":[17],"trash":[18,68,98,113,124,144,181],"bins":[19,33,69],"are":[20,111,120,240],"placed":[21],"many":[23],"places":[24],"handle":[26],"the":[27,38,41,47,62,67,71,80,88,107,127,136,147,170,192,210,229,235],"municipal":[28,81],"waste,":[30],"but":[31],"these":[32],"can":[34,188],"overflow,":[35],"spreading":[36],"around":[37],"area,":[39],"polluting":[40],"environment,":[42],"causing":[44],"inconvenience":[45],"public.":[48],"Therefore,":[49],"there":[50],"is":[51],"need":[53],"for":[54,169],"real-time":[56],"remote":[57],"monitoring":[58,101,184],"system":[59,110],"that":[60],"alerts":[61],"level":[63,100,115,138,183],"of":[64,92,106,142,159,194,209,228],"garbage":[65],"municipality":[72],"or":[73],"company.":[77],"To":[78],"manage":[79],"efficiently,":[84],"this":[85],"article":[86],"presents":[87],"development":[89],"validation":[91],"self-powered,":[94],"LoRaWAN":[95,154,163,220],"Internet-of-Things":[96],"(IoT)-enabled":[97],"bin":[99,114,125,182,196],"system.":[102],"The":[103,133,186,207],"end":[104],"nodes":[105],"proposed":[108],"IoT":[109,180],"called":[112],"measurement":[116],"unit":[117],"(TBLMU)":[118],"installed":[121],"each":[123],"where":[126],"status":[128,193],"needs":[129],"be":[131],"monitored.":[132],"TBLMU":[134,177,217],"measures":[135],"unfilled":[137],"geographical":[140],"location":[141],"bin,":[145],"processes":[146],"data,":[148],"transmits":[150],"it":[151],"gateway":[155,164],"at":[156],"frequency":[158],"915":[160],"MHz.":[161],"A":[162],"serves":[165],"as":[166],"concentrator":[168],"TBLMUs":[171],"relays":[173],"data":[174],"between":[175,215],"an":[179],"server.":[185],"users":[187],"view":[189],"analyze":[191],"every":[195],"its":[198],"geolocation":[199],"by":[200],"using":[201],"smart":[203],"graphical":[204],"user":[205],"interface.":[206],"accuracy":[208],"developed":[211],"system,":[212],"wireless":[213],"range":[214],"gateway,":[221],"average":[222],"current":[223],"consumption":[224],"life":[226],"expectancy":[227],"TBLMU,":[230],"battery":[231],"charging":[232],"time,":[233],"cost":[236],"were":[237],"studied":[238],"reported":[241],"here.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-11T07:18:39.950985","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}