{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133806306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3064845","title":"Tensor-Based Approach for Liquefied Natural Gas Leakage Detection From Surveillance Thermal Cameras: A Feasibility Study in Rural Areas","display_name":"Tensor-Based Approach for Liquefied Natural Gas Leakage Detection From Surveillance Thermal Cameras: A Feasibility Study in Rural Areas","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133806306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3064845","mag":"3133806306"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2021.3064845","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3064845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004785718","display_name":"Junchi Bin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6493-561X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260628","display_name":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04241wz75","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I822440","display_name":"Okanagan University College","ror":"https://ror.org/02mxmh518","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I822440"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junchi Bin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6493-561X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628","https://openalex.org/I822440"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113934994","display_name":"Choudhury A. Rahman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142331","display_name":"IntelliView Technologies (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/044as9138","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142331"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Choudhury A. Rahman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelliview Technologies Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelliview Technologies Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142331"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014131620","display_name":"Shane Rogers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-6468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142331","display_name":"IntelliView Technologies (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/044as9138","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142331"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shane Rogers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intelliview Technologies Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intelliview Technologies Inc., Calgary, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142331"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100423697","display_name":"Zheng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7241-3483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260628","display_name":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04241wz75","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I822440","display_name":"Okanagan University College","ror":"https://ror.org/02mxmh518","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I822440"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7241-3483","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of British Columbia Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628","https://openalex.org/I822440"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0673,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":38,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94266141,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"12","first_page":"8122","last_page":"8130"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12597","display_name":"Fire Detection and Safety Systems","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11371","display_name":"Wind and Air Flow Studies","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12316","display_name":"Oil Spill Detection and Mitigation","score":0.9847999811172485,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2310","display_name":"Pollution"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.8347271084785461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquefied-natural-gas","display_name":"Liquefied natural gas","score":0.558427631855011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/background-subtraction","display_name":"Background subtraction","score":0.4896424412727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47651565074920654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.4704427123069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.42275527119636536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4060661494731903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-gas","display_name":"Natural gas","score":0.3775258958339691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-science","display_name":"Environmental science","score":0.33331334590911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2800641655921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waste-management","display_name":"Waste management","score":0.1690819263458252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.12530013918876648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.12085464596748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.1004212498664856}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.8347271084785461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14034172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358333","display_name":"Liquefied natural gas","level":3,"score":0.558427631855011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32653426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813641","display_name":"Background subtraction","level":3,"score":0.4896424412727356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47651565074920654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.4704427123069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.42275527119636536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4060661494731903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59427239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40858","display_name":"Natural gas","level":2,"score":0.3775258958339691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.33331334590911865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2800641655921936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.1690819263458252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.12530013918876648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.12085464596748352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.1004212498664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2021.3064845","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3064845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969977005","https://openalex.org/W1988061476","https://openalex.org/W1992925827","https://openalex.org/W1994634851","https://openalex.org/W2031489346","https://openalex.org/W2045983409","https://openalex.org/W2096642693","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2102625004","https://openalex.org/W2108433027","https://openalex.org/W2111861511","https://openalex.org/W2127070222","https://openalex.org/W2153058200","https://openalex.org/W2154992274","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2241814552","https://openalex.org/W2323284870","https://openalex.org/W2512785428","https://openalex.org/W2557260710","https://openalex.org/W2558115081","https://openalex.org/W2618422320","https://openalex.org/W2624386319","https://openalex.org/W2782865993","https://openalex.org/W2790408291","https://openalex.org/W2901951655","https://openalex.org/W2910617417","https://openalex.org/W2951401720","https://openalex.org/W2972871794","https://openalex.org/W2988600867","https://openalex.org/W3024617482","https://openalex.org/W3111652977","https://openalex.org/W3111983220","https://openalex.org/W3112365868","https://openalex.org/W3133748988","https://openalex.org/W6674909129","https://openalex.org/W6682766550","https://openalex.org/W6758274633"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2188430267","https://openalex.org/W2610698896","https://openalex.org/W278488340","https://openalex.org/W2002482193","https://openalex.org/W2158473438","https://openalex.org/W3088531984","https://openalex.org/W2587246105","https://openalex.org/W2184489962","https://openalex.org/W2118511498","https://openalex.org/W2491134117"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Detection":[0],"of":[1,26,55,90,124,158,177,186,196],"the":[2,33,53,77,85,115,121,127,138,146,151,167,174,184,187,193],"liquefied":[3],"natural":[4],"gas":[5],"(LNG)":[6],"leakage":[7,41,67,75,111,139,153],"attracts":[8],"increasing":[9],"attention":[10],"for":[11,101],"preventing":[12],"environments":[13],"and":[14,19,40,57,97],"governments":[15],"from":[16,80],"severe":[17],"pollution":[18],"economic":[20],"loss.":[21],"Existing":[22],"frameworks":[23],"take":[24],"advantage":[25,89],"stationary":[27],"surveillance":[28,81],"thermal":[29,82,95],"cameras":[30],"to":[31,52,72,93,109],"detect":[32,73,150],"LNG":[34,74,152,178],"leakage,":[35],"which":[36,190],"comprises":[37],"background":[38,128],"subtraction":[39,129],"classification.":[42],"However,":[43],"these":[44],"methods":[45],"are":[46,135],"limited":[47],"in":[48,76,126,137,198],"rural":[49,78],"areas":[50],"due":[51],"lack":[54],"sensitivity":[56],"accuracy.":[58],"In":[59],"this":[60],"article,":[61],"a":[62,105],"generalized":[63],"framework,":[64],"i.e.,":[65],"tensor-based":[66],"detection":[68],"(TBLD),":[69],"is":[70,107],"proposed":[71,86,188],"area":[79],"cameras.":[83],"First,":[84],"TBLD":[87,125,147,168,197],"takes":[88],"tensor":[91],"factorization":[92],"fuse":[94],"image":[96],"corresponding":[98],"gradient":[99],"maps":[100],"improving":[102],"sensitivity.":[103],"Additionally,":[104],"finite-state-machine":[106],"designed":[108],"maintain":[110],"foreground":[112],"along":[113],"with":[114,164],"video":[116],"streaming.":[117],"The":[118,142,180],"experiments":[119],"demonstrate":[120,183],"robust":[122],"performance":[123,172],"stage.":[130,141],"Second,":[131],"multiple":[132],"classification":[133,140],"techniques":[134],"explored":[136],"results":[143,182],"suggest":[144],"that":[145],"can":[148],"accurately":[149],"by":[154],"applying":[155],"50":[156],"layers":[157],"residual":[159],"networks":[160],"(ResNet50).":[161],"Finally,":[162],"compared":[163],"contemporary":[165],"frameworks,":[166],"has":[169],"consistently":[170],"improved":[171],"concerning":[173],"different":[175],"distances":[176],"leakage.":[179],"experimental":[181],"effectiveness":[185],"TBLD,":[189],"also":[191],"shows":[192],"great":[194],"potential":[195],"future":[199],"industrial":[200],"applications.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
