{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3115760506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2020.3046028","title":"When Information Freshness Meets Service Latency in Federated Learning: A Task-Aware Incentive Scheme for Smart Industries","display_name":"When Information Freshness Meets Service Latency in Federated Learning: A Task-Aware Incentive Scheme for Smart Industries","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-12-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3115760506","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2020.3046028","mag":"3115760506"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2020.3046028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2020.3046028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/152724/2/When_Information_Freshness_Meets_Service_Latency_in_Federated_Learning_A_Task-Aware_Incentive_Scheme_for_Smart_Industries.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027969322","display_name":"Wei Yang Bryan Lim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2150-5561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Yang Bryan Lim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group and Alibaba-NTU Joint Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2150-5561","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group and Alibaba-NTU Joint Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005327587","display_name":"Zehui Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4440-941X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zehui Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alibaba Group and Alibaba-NTU Joint Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4440-941X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alibaba Group and Alibaba-NTU Joint Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062761975","display_name":"Jiawen Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8218-3490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawen Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering (SCSE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8218-3490","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering (SCSE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091266202","display_name":"Dusit Niyato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dusit Niyato","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering (SCSE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering (SCSE), Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027298172","display_name":"Cyril Leung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9911-2069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cyril Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","Joint NTU-UBC Research Centre of Excellence in Active Living for the Elderly (LILY), Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9911-2069","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint NTU-UBC Research Centre of Excellence in Active Living for the Elderly (LILY), Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100382077","display_name":"Chunyan Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0300-3448"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunyan Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering (SCSE), Alibaba-NTU Joint Research Institute, and Joint NTU-UBC Research Centre of Excellence in Active Living for the Elderly (LILY), Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0300-3448","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering (SCSE), Alibaba-NTU Joint Research Institute, and Joint NTU-UBC Research Centre of Excellence in Active Living for the Elderly (LILY), Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100773343","display_name":"Xuemin Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-287X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuemin Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-287X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027969322"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.4168,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97887122,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":"457","last_page":"466"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.9650999903678894,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.759446918964386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.626153826713562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5874018669128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive-compatibility","display_name":"Incentive compatibility","score":0.48754140734672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.47137129306793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.4377509653568268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4213913679122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.41174226999282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10697007179260254}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.759446918964386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.626153826713562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5874018669128418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91810955","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7731670","display_name":"Incentive compatibility","level":3,"score":0.48754140734672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.47137129306793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4377509653568268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4213913679122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.41174226999282837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10697007179260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2020.3046028","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2020.3046028","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/152724","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/152724","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/152724/2/When_Information_Freshness_Meets_Service_Latency_in_Federated_Learning_A_Task-Aware_Incentive_Scheme_for_Smart_Industries.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/152724","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/152724","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/152724/2/When_Information_Freshness_Meets_Service_Latency_in_Federated_Learning_A_Task-Aware_Incentive_Scheme_for_Smart_Industries.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G217643113","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"M4082187","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320766","funder_display_name":"Nanyang Technological University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2333819237","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RG16/20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320766","funder_display_name":"Nanyang Technological University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2829588946","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AISG-GC-2019-003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3048563442","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Tier 1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320766","funder_display_name":"Nanyang Technological University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G308183494","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF2017EWT-EP003-041","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4480975404","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF2017EWT-EP003-041","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4599077227","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AISG Award No: AISG-GC-2019-003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5558773909","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF2015-NRF-ISF001-2277","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7434694311","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RG16/20","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7470777585","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF2015-NRF-ISF001-2277","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8781034816","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NRF2015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","funder_display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01kcva023"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320766","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322252","display_name":"Israel Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/04sazxf24"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https://ror.org/048xjjh50"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3115760506.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3115760506.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1590174667","https://openalex.org/W1677318746","https://openalex.org/W2028351831","https://openalex.org/W2038194220","https://openalex.org/W2061190667","https://openalex.org/W2078771477","https://openalex.org/W2126643042","https://openalex.org/W2160227992","https://openalex.org/W2522961195","https://openalex.org/W2530417694","https://openalex.org/W2573554261","https://openalex.org/W2588468001","https://openalex.org/W2606281810","https://openalex.org/W2767812269","https://openalex.org/W2782611477","https://openalex.org/W2788629937","https://openalex.org/W2794289923","https://openalex.org/W2794721428","https://openalex.org/W2887311010","https://openalex.org/W2887548758","https://openalex.org/W2900120080","https://openalex.org/W2902838298","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2978422189","https://openalex.org/W3011612089","https://openalex.org/W3015515533","https://openalex.org/W3015636663","https://openalex.org/W3129195893","https://openalex.org/W3130992186","https://openalex.org/W6748263980","https://openalex.org/W6755988804","https://openalex.org/W6775690491"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2367468089","https://openalex.org/W2358591856","https://openalex.org/W2098133976","https://openalex.org/W2347416728","https://openalex.org/W2468219149","https://openalex.org/W2974100988","https://openalex.org/W2215702767","https://openalex.org/W4388137405","https://openalex.org/W1986097177","https://openalex.org/W2567150521"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"several":[1],"industrial":[2,109],"applications,":[3],"a":[4,24,45,53,78,162],"sole":[5],"data":[6,58,68,104,125],"owner":[7,47,179],"may":[8,155],"lack":[9],"sufficient":[10],"training":[11,63,89,153],"samples":[12],"to":[13,30,60,91,114],"train":[14],"effective":[15],"machine":[16,34],"learning":[17,26,35],"based":[18,28,171],"models.":[19],"As":[20],"such,":[21],"we":[22,160],"propose":[23,161],"federated":[25],"(FL)":[27],"approach":[29],"promote":[31],"privacy-preserving":[32],"collaborative":[33],"for":[36,74,87],"applications":[37],"in":[38],"smart":[39],"industries.":[40],"In":[41],"our":[42,193,203],"system":[43],"model,":[44],"model":[46,62,72,131,178],"initiates":[48],"an":[49],"FL":[50],"task":[51],"involving":[52],"group":[54],"of":[55,96,111,116,176,192,202,210],"workers,":[56],"i.e.,":[57,83,99],"owners,":[59],"perform":[61],"on":[64,172],"their":[65],"locally":[66],"stored":[67],"before":[69],"transmitting":[70],"the":[71,84,88,100,107,117,124,130,134,139,142,173,177,189,200],"updates":[73],"aggregation.":[75],"There":[76],"exists":[77],"tradeoff":[79],"between":[80,103],"service":[81,143,183,213],"latency,":[82],"time":[85,101],"taken":[86],"request":[90],"be":[92,169],"completed,":[93],"and":[94,182,198,212],"age":[95],"information":[97,196],"(AoI),":[98],"elapsed":[102],"aggregation":[105],"from":[106],"deployed":[108],"Internet":[110],"Things":[112],"devices":[113],"completion":[115],"FL-based":[118],"training.":[119],"On":[120,138],"one":[121],"hand,":[122,141],"if":[123],"are":[126],"collected":[127],"only":[128],"upon":[129],"owner's":[132],"request,":[133],"AoI":[135,158,181,211],"is":[136,146],"low.":[137],"other":[140],"latency":[144],"incurred":[145],"more":[147],"significant.":[148],"Furthermore,":[149],"given":[150],"that":[151,167],"different":[152],"tasks":[154],"have":[156],"varying":[157,208],"requirements,":[159],"contract-theoretic":[163],"task-aware":[164],"incentive":[165,190],"scheme":[166,205],"can":[168],"calibrated":[170],"weighted":[174],"preferences":[175,209],"toward":[180,206],"latency.":[184,214],"The":[185],"performance":[186],"evaluation":[187],"validates":[188],"compatibility":[191],"contract":[194],"amid":[195],"asymmetry,":[197],"shows":[199],"flexibility":[201],"proposed":[204],"satisfying":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}