{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3088946859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2020.3024946","title":"A Reinforcement Learning Empowered Cooperative Control Approach for IIoT-Based Virtually Coupled Train Sets","display_name":"A Reinforcement Learning Empowered Cooperative Control Approach for IIoT-Based Virtually Coupled Train Sets","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3088946859","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2020.3024946","mag":"3088946859"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2020.3024946","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2020.3024946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100615324","display_name":"Hongwei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5713-3988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongwei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Center of Railway Safety Assessment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Center of Railway Safety Assessment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101071284","display_name":"Qianqian Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianqian Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Center of Railway Safety Assessment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Center of Railway Safety Assessment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048851334","display_name":"Siyu Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0492-2091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyu Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110921456","display_name":"Dongliang Cui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongliang Cui","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004374928","display_name":"Chengcheng Luo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengcheng Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Research Center of Railway Safety Assessment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Research Center of Railway Safety Assessment, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033861436","display_name":"Li Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3688-1658"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100774313","display_name":"Xi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3111-7597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067908158","display_name":"Tao Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7838-8525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.918,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9536212,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"7","first_page":"4935","last_page":"4945"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11568","display_name":"Railway Systems and Energy Efficiency","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11568","display_name":"Railway Systems and Energy Efficiency","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14420","display_name":"Advanced Research in Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9740999937057495,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9664999842643738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8284558057785034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.6476811170578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.616965115070343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.566529393196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.5290331244468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.39649710059165955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24507054686546326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11439737677574158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08044290542602539}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8284558057785034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6476811170578003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.616965115070343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.566529393196106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5290331244468689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.39649710059165955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24507054686546326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11439737677574158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08044290542602539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2020.3024946","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2020.3024946","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1252345260","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61925302","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1806863411","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U18341211","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3571417108","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u5e72\u6270\u653b\u51fb\u7684\u5217\u63a7\u7cfb\u7edf\u8de8\u5c42\u9632\u5fa1\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61973026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G549226317","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YJ059","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328872","funder_display_name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G771103387","display_name":"\u8f66\u8054\u7f51\u8fb9\u7f18\u8ba1\u7b97\u4f20\u8f93\u673a\u5236\u4e0e\u8d44\u6e90\u4f18\u5316\u914d\u7f6e\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61971030","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320328872","display_name":"China Academy of Railway Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/051wv2j09"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335661","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Synthetical Automation for Process Industries","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1946587052","https://openalex.org/W1990243878","https://openalex.org/W2020041214","https://openalex.org/W2029660153","https://openalex.org/W2038194220","https://openalex.org/W2048294994","https://openalex.org/W2075956742","https://openalex.org/W2329296634","https://openalex.org/W2404768272","https://openalex.org/W2586977101","https://openalex.org/W2604436698","https://openalex.org/W2612113845","https://openalex.org/W2753557213","https://openalex.org/W2783406823","https://openalex.org/W2811266402","https://openalex.org/W2884633028","https://openalex.org/W2912361519","https://openalex.org/W2947710575","https://openalex.org/W2971029656","https://openalex.org/W2976132363","https://openalex.org/W2978805838","https://openalex.org/W3035529916","https://openalex.org/W6669861728","https://openalex.org/W6713156882"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4362501864","https://openalex.org/W4306904969","https://openalex.org/W4380318855","https://openalex.org/W2138720691","https://openalex.org/W2031695474","https://openalex.org/W2586732548","https://openalex.org/W3049728571","https://openalex.org/W20361778","https://openalex.org/W2024136090","https://openalex.org/W2964765435"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Virtually":[0],"coupled":[1],"train":[2,59],"sets":[3],"(VCTS)":[4],"have":[5],"been":[6],"proposed":[7,152,159],"to":[8,20,72,103,121,139],"increase":[9,147],"the":[10,14,21,31,38,52,56,63,74,84,96,109,113,123,130,141,148,151,158,169],"transportation":[11],"capacity":[12],"and":[13,27,65],"flexibility":[15],"of":[16,23,33,40,43,78,150],"railway":[17],"organization.":[18],"Due":[19],"lack":[22],"reliable":[24],"wireless":[25],"communications":[26],"accurate":[28],"perceptual":[29],"information,":[30],"promotion":[32],"VCTS":[34,48],"was":[35],"challenged.":[36],"With":[37],"development":[39],"industrial":[41],"Internet":[42],"Things":[44],"(IIoT),":[45],"an":[46,105],"IIoT-based":[47,110,170],"is":[49,70,82,87,119],"built":[50],"in":[51,168],"article":[53],"based":[54],"on":[55],"popular":[57],"communication-based":[58],"control":[60,77,162],"architecture.":[61],"Considering":[62],"dynamic":[64],"complex":[66],"operation":[67],"environment,":[68],"it":[69],"difficult":[71],"achieve":[73],"efficient":[75],"cooperative":[76,161],"VCTS.":[79,171],"The":[80],"reason":[81],"that":[83,157],"traditional":[85,114],"method":[86],"frequently":[88],"trapped":[89],"into":[90],"a":[91],"local":[92],"optimization.":[93],"To":[94],"resolve":[95],"problem,":[97],"we":[98],"apply":[99],"reinforcement":[100],"learning":[101],"(RL)":[102],"obtain":[104],"optimal":[106,132],"policy":[107],"for":[108],"VCTS,":[111],"where":[112],"artificial":[115],"potential":[116],"field":[117],"(APF)":[118],"taken":[120],"develop":[122],"reward":[124],"function.":[125],"RL":[126,138],"can":[127,136,145],"thus":[128],"search":[129],"global":[131],"policy,":[133],"whereas":[134],"APF":[135],"help":[137],"reduce":[140],"computation":[142],"complexity.":[143],"This":[144],"substantially":[146],"efficiency":[149],"approach.":[153],"Simulation":[154],"results":[155],"confirmed":[156],"RL-based":[160],"approach":[163],"would":[164],"bring":[165],"excellent":[166],"performance":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-08T08:33:18.762332","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}