{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3036328337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2020.3003335","title":"Characterization of Rolling Contact Fatigue Cracks in Rails by Eddy Current Pulsed Thermography","display_name":"Characterization of Rolling Contact Fatigue Cracks in Rails by Eddy Current Pulsed Thermography","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3036328337","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2020.3003335","mag":"3036328337"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2020.3003335","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2020.3003335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/files/185585323/FINAL_VERSION.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040604865","display_name":"Junzhen Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1519-8764"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158522","display_name":"PLA Academy of Military Science","ror":"https://ror.org/05ct4s596","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158522"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Junzhen Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Army Academy of Armored Forces, Beijing, China","Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1519-8764","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Army Academy of Armored Forces, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078303945","display_name":"Philip J. Withers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1946-5647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philip John Withers","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005465247","display_name":"Jianbo Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4732-6732"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24185976","display_name":"Sichuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/011ashp19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianbo Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sichuan University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4732-6732","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sichuan University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24185976"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100415249","display_name":"Feng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1647-461X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156872","display_name":"Guizhou Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05x510r30","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156872"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guizhou Institute of Technology, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005513917","display_name":"Qiuji Yi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3859-1614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiuji Yi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3859-1614","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100729840","display_name":"Zijun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3512-3102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zijun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037331514","display_name":"Gui Yun Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7563-1523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84884186","display_name":"Newcastle University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kj2bm70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gui Yun Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K","University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7563-1523","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84884186"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040604865"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158522","https://openalex.org/I84884186"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2397,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95028899,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"4","first_page":"2307","last_page":"2315"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11856","display_name":"Thermography and Photoacoustic Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9919999837875366,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10834","display_name":"Welding Techniques and Residual Stresses","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermography","display_name":"Thermography","score":0.7938330173492432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kurtosis","display_name":"Kurtosis","score":0.7365747690200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eddy-current","display_name":"Eddy current","score":0.6515311002731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eddy-current-testing","display_name":"Eddy-current testing","score":0.4912495017051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.48696550726890564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nondestructive-testing","display_name":"Nondestructive testing","score":0.46711477637290955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal","display_name":"Thermal","score":0.4540354907512665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-engineering","display_name":"Structural engineering","score":0.42964133620262146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4120878577232361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.395752489566803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26207393407821655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.22637668251991272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.20998939871788025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared","display_name":"Infrared","score":0.0959780216217041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09520244598388672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779222261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q624587","display_name":"Thermography","level":3,"score":0.7938330173492432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166963901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287251","display_name":"Kurtosis","level":2,"score":0.7365747690200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131357438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208598","display_name":"Eddy current","level":2,"score":0.6515311002731323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6441794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1420867","display_name":"Eddy-current testing","level":3,"score":0.4912495017051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.48696550726890564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56529433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626700","display_name":"Nondestructive testing","level":2,"score":0.46711477637290955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.4540354907512665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.42964133620262146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4120878577232361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.395752489566803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26207393407821655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.22637668251991272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.20998939871788025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.0959780216217041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09520244598388672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2020.3003335","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2020.3003335","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/43c0e1c5-5abe-4fed-8c59-6c008ad187c4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/43c0e1c5-5abe-4fed-8c59-6c008ad187c4","pdf_url":"https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/files/185585323/FINAL_VERSION.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zhu, J, Withers, P, Wu, J, Liu, F, Yi, Q & Tian, G 2020, 'Characterization of Rolling Contact Fatigue Cracks in Rails by Eddy Current Pulsed Thermography', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 17, no. 4. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2020.3003335","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:openaire/43c0e1c5-5abe-4fed-8c59-6c008ad187c4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.manchester.ac.uk/en/publications/43c0e1c5-5abe-4fed-8c59-6c008ad187c4","pdf_url":"https://pure.manchester.ac.uk/ws/files/185585323/FINAL_VERSION.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400662","display_name":"Research Explorer (The University of Manchester)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","host_organization_name":"University of Manchester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zhu, J, Withers, P, Wu, J, Liu, F, Yi, Q & Tian, G 2020, 'Characterization of Rolling Contact Fatigue Cracks in Rails by Eddy Current Pulsed Thermography', IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics, vol. 17, no. 4. https://doi.org/10.1109/TII.2020.3003335","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5199999809265137,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G251942203","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51505308","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G291358108","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/J012343/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2920380214","display_name":"Novel Sensing Networks for Intelligent Monitoring (Newton)","funder_award_id":"EP/J012343/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5145048464","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51875576","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8196201492","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61905038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8613043100","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61527803","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3036328337.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3036328337.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W601563449","https://openalex.org/W1766888123","https://openalex.org/W1968529528","https://openalex.org/W1973236742","https://openalex.org/W1974158146","https://openalex.org/W2002729176","https://openalex.org/W2014893900","https://openalex.org/W2033675557","https://openalex.org/W2050382505","https://openalex.org/W2051412493","https://openalex.org/W2068547745","https://openalex.org/W2071341316","https://openalex.org/W2075297004","https://openalex.org/W2106474383","https://openalex.org/W2114338659","https://openalex.org/W2119748308","https://openalex.org/W2172272963","https://openalex.org/W2413386309","https://openalex.org/W2571368214","https://openalex.org/W2730193802","https://openalex.org/W2786077676","https://openalex.org/W2792251258","https://openalex.org/W2804806906","https://openalex.org/W2888509493","https://openalex.org/W2904595903","https://openalex.org/W2904727193","https://openalex.org/W2909601466","https://openalex.org/W2913535773","https://openalex.org/W2946040622","https://openalex.org/W3109938142","https://openalex.org/W4245307650","https://openalex.org/W6731536920"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2994919662","https://openalex.org/W2085805524","https://openalex.org/W2333795440","https://openalex.org/W2003522138","https://openalex.org/W2535232420","https://openalex.org/W2084261063","https://openalex.org/W1680801918","https://openalex.org/W2369672268","https://openalex.org/W1972402538","https://openalex.org/W4230069654"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Locating":[0],"and":[1,33,49,73,81,91,107,115],"characterizing":[2,65,119],"rolling":[3],"contact":[4],"fatigue":[5],"(RCF)":[6],"cracks":[7,25,53,66],"in":[8,13],"rails":[9],"is":[10,54],"gaining":[11],"attention":[12],"the":[14,28,61,95,99,105,108,112],"railway":[15],"industry.":[16],"Eddy":[17],"current":[18],"pulsed":[19],"thermography":[20],"(ECPT)":[21],"can":[22],"detect":[23],"such":[24],"by":[26],"combining":[27],"benefits":[29],"of":[30,64,67,101],"electromagnetic":[31],"excitation":[32],"thermal":[34],"diffusion.":[35],"To":[36],"date,":[37],"most":[38,113],"studies":[39],"focus":[40],"on":[41,46,51,79],"investigating":[42],"specific":[43],"features":[44,76,110],"based":[45],"artificial":[47],"defects,":[48],"verification":[50],"real":[52,82,102],"lacking.":[55],"In":[56],"this":[57],"article,":[58],"to":[59],"establish":[60],"best":[62],"means":[63],"different":[68],"inclination":[69,120],"angles,":[70],"eight":[71],"spatial":[72],"temporal":[74],"ECPT":[75],"are":[77,111],"evaluated":[78],"idealized":[80],"RCF":[83,103],"cracks.":[84],"Results":[85],"show":[86],"that":[87],"longer":[88],"time":[89],"slots":[90],"pulse":[92],"durations":[93],"make":[94],"relations":[96],"clearer.":[97],"For":[98],"evaluation":[100],"cracks,":[104],"area-based":[106],"kurtosis-based":[109],"suitable":[114],"robust":[116],"measures":[117],"for":[118],"angles.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
