{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3023673250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2020.2993112","title":"Stochastic Optimal Energy Management and Pricing for Load Serving Entity With Aggregated TCLs of Smart Buildings: A Stackelberg Game Approach","display_name":"Stochastic Optimal Energy Management and Pricing for Load Serving Entity With Aggregated TCLs of Smart Buildings: A Stackelberg Game Approach","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-05-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3023673250","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2020.2993112","mag":"3023673250"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2020.2993112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2020.2993112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023005118","display_name":"Rufeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7264-795X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179060312","display_name":"Northeast Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zqaxa34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rufeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7264-795X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007383181","display_name":"Tao Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4704-7856"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179060312","display_name":"Northeast Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zqaxa34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4704-7856","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100368586","display_name":"Guoqing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3654-6008"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179060312","display_name":"Northeast Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zqaxa34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoqing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100372176","display_name":"Xue Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9458-0453"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179060312","display_name":"Northeast Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zqaxa34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xue Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068151681","display_name":"Houhe Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0551-0523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179060312","display_name":"Northeast Electric Power University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zqaxa34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Houhe Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Northeast Electric Power University, Jilin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023005118"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I179060312"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9532,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94348565,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"3","first_page":"1821","last_page":"1830"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11954","display_name":"Energy Efficiency and Management","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10121","display_name":"Building Energy and Comfort Optimization","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demand-response","display_name":"Demand response","score":0.7502433657646179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stackelberg-competition","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","score":0.7471625804901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.6621980667114258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilevel-optimization","display_name":"Bilevel optimization","score":0.640627920627594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.5728639364242554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-management","display_name":"Energy management","score":0.5540385842323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-management","display_name":"Load management","score":0.5364966988563538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profit","display_name":"Profit (economics)","score":0.5288302302360535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-market","display_name":"Electricity market","score":0.5105801224708557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.49828028678894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/strong-duality","display_name":"Strong duality","score":0.4977617561817169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4944438934326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-programming","display_name":"Stochastic programming","score":0.46410974860191345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-programming","display_name":"Linear programming","score":0.4517386555671692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-market","display_name":"Energy market","score":0.4486159384250641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.3596333861351013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity","display_name":"Electricity","score":0.3562314510345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.31116580963134766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.2299870252609253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.22233420610427856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.20960724353790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1726054549217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16046878695487976}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779438525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5255048","display_name":"Demand response","level":3,"score":0.7502433657646179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199510392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184602","display_name":"Stackelberg competition","level":2,"score":0.7471625804901123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.6621980667114258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3309286","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4907693","display_name":"Bilevel optimization","level":3,"score":0.640627920627594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.5728639364242554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.5540385842323303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779370713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357554","display_name":"Load management","level":2,"score":0.5364966988563538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5288302302360535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146733006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676081","display_name":"Electricity market","level":3,"score":0.5105801224708557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.49828028678894043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163863214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7624553","display_name":"Strong duality","level":3,"score":0.4977617561817169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4944438934326172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137631369","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617831","display_name":"Stochastic programming","level":2,"score":0.46410974860191345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.4517386555671692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776849302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1239166","display_name":"Energy market","level":3,"score":0.4486159384250641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.3596333861351013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.3562314510345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.31116580963134766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.2299870252609253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.22233420610427856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.20960724353790283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1726054549217224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16046878695487976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2020.2993112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2020.2993112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5194163448","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51877033","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8085157575","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51677022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980048538","https://openalex.org/W2008294274","https://openalex.org/W2010739835","https://openalex.org/W2030846484","https://openalex.org/W2080856707","https://openalex.org/W2084502662","https://openalex.org/W2162144622","https://openalex.org/W2236785114","https://openalex.org/W2279029373","https://openalex.org/W2327685928","https://openalex.org/W2499358387","https://openalex.org/W2512109574","https://openalex.org/W2549604351","https://openalex.org/W2761451262","https://openalex.org/W2782992486","https://openalex.org/W2810165278","https://openalex.org/W2883374508","https://openalex.org/W2896809142","https://openalex.org/W2914860823","https://openalex.org/W2916713776","https://openalex.org/W2946990976","https://openalex.org/W2990309860","https://openalex.org/W2991043019","https://openalex.org/W3000204433"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4404042369","https://openalex.org/W2026907359","https://openalex.org/W1981800580","https://openalex.org/W2994124117","https://openalex.org/W2618752689","https://openalex.org/W2971526008","https://openalex.org/W4289422123","https://openalex.org/W3025389440","https://openalex.org/W2991761232","https://openalex.org/W2475609400"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,7,24,74,109,116,123,128,176,182],"development":[2],"of":[3,134,137,184,188],"demand-side":[4],"management":[5,51,60,82],"in":[6,38],"smart":[8,39],"grid,":[9],"load-serving":[10],"entity":[11],"(LSE)":[12],"plays":[13],"a":[14,56,89,158],"more":[15],"important":[16],"role":[17],"for":[18,64,132],"consumers,":[19],"which":[20],"purchases":[21],"energy":[22,50,59,70,81,185],"from":[23,119,175],"electricity":[25,178],"market":[26,104,173],"and":[27,47,61,69,77,83,107,142,151,194],"sells":[28],"it":[29],"to":[30,98,112,115],"consumers.":[31,113],"Moreover,":[32],"aggregated":[33,67],"thermostatically":[34],"controlled":[35],"loads":[36],"(TCLs)":[37],"buildings":[40,138],"can":[41],"provide":[42],"additional":[43],"demand":[44],"response":[45],"capacities":[46],"require":[48],"efficient":[49],"methods.":[52],"This":[53],"article":[54],"proposes":[55],"stochastic":[57,78],"optimal":[58],"pricing":[62,84],"model":[63,96,126,148,164],"LSE":[65],"with":[66,139],"TCLs":[68],"storage":[71],"based":[72,170],"on":[73,171,198],"Stackelberg":[75],"game":[76],"programming.":[79],"The":[80,93,145,162],"problem":[85],"are":[86,201],"formulated":[87],"as":[88],"bilevel":[90,147],"optimization":[91],"model.":[92],"upper":[94,120],"level":[95,121,125],"aims":[97],"maximize":[99],"LSE's":[100,199],"expected":[101],"profit":[102,200],"under":[103],"price":[105,118,196],"uncertainties":[106],"determines":[108],"offering":[110,117,195],"prices":[111,174],"According":[114],"model,":[122],"lower":[124],"optimizes":[127],"power":[129],"purchasing":[130],"pattern":[131],"consumers":[133],"two":[135],"types":[136],"TCLs:":[140],"factory":[141],"office":[143],"buildings.":[144],"nonlinear":[146],"is":[149,165],"reformulated":[150],"converted":[152],"into":[153],"mixed-integer":[154],"linear":[155],"programming":[156],"using":[157],"strong":[159],"duality":[160],"theory.":[161],"proposed":[163],"validated":[166],"by":[167],"numerical":[168],"studies":[169],"real":[172],"PJM":[177],"market.":[179],"In":[180],"addition,":[181],"impacts":[183],"storage,":[186],"number":[187],"buildings,":[189],"comfortable":[190],"indoor":[191],"temperature":[192],"limits,":[193],"limits":[197],"analyzed.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}