{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2993720822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2019.2957379","title":"Research on Sea Clutter Reflectivity Using Deep Learning Model in Industry 4.0","display_name":"Research on Sea Clutter Reflectivity Using Deep Learning Model in Industry 4.0","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2993720822","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2019.2957379","mag":"2993720822"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2019.2957379","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2019.2957379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021692915","display_name":"Liwen Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1338-7801"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liwen Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020429493","display_name":"Jiaji Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3769-0271"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaji Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100685020","display_name":"Jinpeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0995-935X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinpeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao, China","School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090409949","display_name":"Zhensen Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3354-7275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhensen Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physical and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049449184","display_name":"Gwanggil Jeon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0651-4278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146429904","display_name":"Incheon National University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xf7p935","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146429904"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gwanggil Jeon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Embedded System Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea","School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Embedded System Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146429904"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101798419","display_name":"Yushi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3046-9630"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yushi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101576190","display_name":"Tao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7035-7414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physical and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5021692915"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.3042,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":32,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96815799,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"9","first_page":"5929","last_page":"5937"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11038","display_name":"Advanced SAR Imaging Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10801","display_name":"Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Applications and Techniques","score":0.9767000079154968,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clutter","display_name":"Clutter","score":0.9527503252029419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.6793791651725769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6448073983192444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5984572768211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.520273745059967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant-false-alarm-rate","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","score":0.4709167182445526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.42591792345046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-horizon","display_name":"Radar horizon","score":0.421102374792099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-wave-radar","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","score":0.38013947010040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar-imaging","display_name":"Radar imaging","score":0.29142671823501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.2834089994430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15766820311546326}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132094186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q641585","display_name":"Clutter","level":3,"score":0.9527503252029419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.6793791651725769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6448073983192444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5984572768211365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.520273745059967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77052588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q644307","display_name":"Constant false alarm rate","level":2,"score":0.4709167182445526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.42591792345046997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131493965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279983","display_name":"Radar horizon","level":5,"score":0.421102374792099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59584813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1029234","display_name":"Continuous-wave radar","level":4,"score":0.38013947010040283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10929652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279985","display_name":"Radar imaging","level":3,"score":0.29142671823501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2834089994430542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15766820311546326}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2019.2957379","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2019.2957379","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14","display_name":"Life below water"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4773107754","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61775175","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7975949204","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61771378","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8155317912","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801446","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2594692","https://openalex.org/W639708223","https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1559929095","https://openalex.org/W1981546653","https://openalex.org/W2076618467","https://openalex.org/W2103948490","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2294197518","https://openalex.org/W2298875571","https://openalex.org/W2310020770","https://openalex.org/W2315850812","https://openalex.org/W2525778437","https://openalex.org/W2570343428","https://openalex.org/W2737654582","https://openalex.org/W2767137631","https://openalex.org/W2787079451","https://openalex.org/W2791512297","https://openalex.org/W2792643794","https://openalex.org/W2796347433","https://openalex.org/W2807798408","https://openalex.org/W2808138938","https://openalex.org/W2887782657","https://openalex.org/W2890601815","https://openalex.org/W2916979304","https://openalex.org/W2927456831","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2964121744","https://openalex.org/W4293584584","https://openalex.org/W4302769200","https://openalex.org/W6620707391","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6727690538","https://openalex.org/W6749029207","https://openalex.org/W6750227808"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2388326001","https://openalex.org/W3011102797","https://openalex.org/W4320921117","https://openalex.org/W2351401443","https://openalex.org/W2115015615","https://openalex.org/W1968850503","https://openalex.org/W2100586735","https://openalex.org/W3178405604","https://openalex.org/W2349566327","https://openalex.org/W2164481644"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,18],"study":[1],"of":[2,38,40,116,119,123,149,164,177,183,201],"sea":[3,26,46,80,84,97,108,125,133,151,165,185,202],"clutter":[4,27,47,81,85,98,109,126,134,152,166,186,203],"reflectivity":[5,48,99,187,204],"plays":[6],"an":[7],"important":[8],"role":[9],"in":[10,14,67,224],"radar":[11,33,65,105],"performance":[12],"evaluations":[13],"the":[15,25,32,36,60,104,114,117,145,159,175,193,197,213,221],"military":[16],"industry.":[17],"industrial":[19],"bodies":[20],"are":[21,54],"trying":[22],"to":[23,31,56,59,95],"apply":[24],"intelligent":[28],"processing":[29],"technology":[30],"system":[34],"with":[35,192],"form":[37],"Internet":[39],"Things":[41],"and":[42,63,121,158,180,216],"Industry":[43],"4.0.":[44],"Many":[45],"models":[49],"that":[50,144],"have":[51],"been":[52],"proposed":[53],"difficult":[55],"fully":[57],"adapt":[58],"surrounding":[61],"seas":[62],"different":[64],"systems":[66],"China.":[68,225],"This":[69],"article":[70,130],"proposes":[71,131],"a":[72,132],"model":[73,82],"named":[74],"multi-source":[75],"input":[76],"neural":[77],"network":[78],"(MSINN)":[79],"using":[83],"collected":[86],"by":[87],"ultra":[88],"high":[89],"frequency":[90],"(UHF)":[91],"radar.":[92],"In":[93,113],"order":[94],"prepare":[96],"data":[100,181],"for":[101,220],"training":[102],"MSINN,":[103],"continuously":[106],"collects":[107],"containing":[110],"various":[111],"disturbances.":[112],"face":[115],"challenges":[118],"preprocessing":[120,135],"storage":[122],"measured":[124],"big":[127],"data,":[128],"this":[129],"scheme":[136],"based":[137,188,205],"on":[138,189,206],"yolov3-tiny":[139],"model.":[140],"Experimental":[141],"results":[142],"show":[143],"average":[146,198],"detection":[147,179],"precision":[148],"test":[150],"Range-Pulse":[153],"(RP)":[154],"images":[155],"is":[156,169,208,217],"75.3%":[157],"effective":[160],"region":[161],"extraction":[162],"time":[163],"RP":[167],"image":[168],"0.003642":[170],"s,":[171],"which":[172,211],"can":[173],"meet":[174],"requirement":[176,182],"real-time":[178],"predicting":[184],"MSINN.":[190],"Compared":[191],"traditional":[194],"empirical":[195],"model,":[196],"prediction":[199,214],"error":[200],"MSINN":[207],"1.82":[209],"dB,":[210],"improves":[212],"accuracy":[215],"more":[218],"suitable":[219],"Yellow":[222],"Sea":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}