{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2989399708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2019.2954213","title":"Smart-Contract-Based Economical Platooning in Blockchain-Enabled Urban Internet of Vehicles","display_name":"Smart-Contract-Based Economical Platooning in Blockchain-Enabled Urban Internet of Vehicles","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2989399708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2019.2954213","mag":"2989399708"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2019.2954213","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2019.2954213","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111598130","display_name":"Chen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4971-5029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4971-5029","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002188727","display_name":"Tingting Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1742-8519"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tingting Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037428599","display_name":"Tie Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2324-2523"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tie Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2324-2523","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065504878","display_name":"Ning Lv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4091-714X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Lv","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4091-714X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065373445","display_name":"Qingqi Pei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7601-5434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingqi Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7601-5434","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.7042,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":108,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98260637,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"6","first_page":"4122","last_page":"4133"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11942","display_name":"Transportation and Mobility Innovations","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/platoon","display_name":"Platoon","score":0.9886884093284607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/payment","display_name":"Payment","score":0.5599015951156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5142893195152283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contract","display_name":"Smart contract","score":0.4908612370491028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue","display_name":"Revenue","score":0.446628600358963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4444039463996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automotive-engineering","display_name":"Automotive engineering","score":0.4350668787956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.43288522958755493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.34736478328704834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3039214313030243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.28043025732040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.19005736708641052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.17023181915283203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finance","display_name":"Finance","score":0.10325482487678528}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061967","display_name":"Platoon","level":3,"score":0.9886884093284607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.5599015951156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5142893195152283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.4908612370491028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.446628600358963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4444039463996887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171146098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124192","display_name":"Automotive engineering","level":1,"score":0.4350668787956238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.43288522958755493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.34736478328704834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3039214313030243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.28043025732040405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.19005736708641052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.17023181915283203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.10325482487678528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2019.2954213","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2019.2954213","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6600000262260437,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11","display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2059520079","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1636209","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3041710908","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ESSCKF2019-05","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322449","funder_display_name":"Tongji University"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3045662202","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFE0121400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336026","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6411212857","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1709218","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6538997798","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u4e2d\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5f02\u6784\u611f\u77e5\u7f51\u7edc\u9c81\u68d2\u6027\u6a21\u578b\u4e0e\u7b56\u7565\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61672131","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7843701004","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61571338","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8240127549","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"5001-20109195456","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323230","funder_display_name":"Xidian University"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322449","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323230","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336026","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China Stem Cell and Translational Research","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W822974666","https://openalex.org/W2069500867","https://openalex.org/W2078240650","https://openalex.org/W2089910489","https://openalex.org/W2172738493","https://openalex.org/W2217097527","https://openalex.org/W2276329747","https://openalex.org/W2307055197","https://openalex.org/W2346365475","https://openalex.org/W2509527900","https://openalex.org/W2605157201","https://openalex.org/W2700496347","https://openalex.org/W2741514873","https://openalex.org/W2790882261","https://openalex.org/W2795257723","https://openalex.org/W2797923482","https://openalex.org/W2801057479","https://openalex.org/W2805209699","https://openalex.org/W2808097153","https://openalex.org/W2859081967","https://openalex.org/W2890103652","https://openalex.org/W2894786170","https://openalex.org/W2896138087","https://openalex.org/W2898082692","https://openalex.org/W2902753276","https://openalex.org/W2903341509","https://openalex.org/W2908760524","https://openalex.org/W2910780662","https://openalex.org/W2917223971","https://openalex.org/W2935722734","https://openalex.org/W2960636321","https://openalex.org/W6688508492"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4286572054","https://openalex.org/W2555207388","https://openalex.org/W3171462553","https://openalex.org/W2983996496","https://openalex.org/W3189590538","https://openalex.org/W4389240635","https://openalex.org/W2461853023","https://openalex.org/W2136133395","https://openalex.org/W2108936692","https://openalex.org/W4317927411"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"improve":[1],"the":[2,42,65,78,85,92,102,108,125],"urban":[3],"traffic":[4,20],"condition":[5],"and":[6,39,63,87,94,121,140],"reduce":[7],"accidents,":[8],"we":[9],"propose":[10],"a":[11,18,37,48,71,82,132],"platoon-driving":[12],"model":[13,26,104,111,130],"for":[14,58],"autonomous":[15],"vehicles":[16,28,59],"in":[17,22,36,112,135],"free-flow":[19],"state":[21],"this":[23],"article.":[24],"This":[25],"allows":[27],"with":[29],"successful":[30],"path":[31],"matching":[32],"to":[33,54,60,76,107],"be":[34,61],"grouped":[35],"platoon":[38,43,88,103,126],"led":[40],"by":[41],"head":[44],"(PH).":[45],"In":[46],"addition,":[47],"PH":[49,86,138],"selection":[50],"scheme":[51],"is":[52,74,105],"introduced":[53],"provide":[55],"an":[56],"incentive":[57],"PHs":[62],"maintain":[64],"dynamic":[66],"update":[67],"of":[68,114,137],"platoons.":[69],"Next,":[70],"smart":[72],"contract":[73],"employed":[75],"enable":[77],"payment":[79],"based":[80],"on":[81],"blockchain":[83],"between":[84,119],"members":[89],"(PMs),":[90],"avoiding":[91],"malicious":[93],"false":[95],"payments.":[96],"The":[97,117],"numerical":[98],"results":[99],"show":[100],"that":[101,128],"superior":[106],"individual":[109],"driving":[110],"terms":[113,136],"fuel":[115],"consumption.":[116],"comparison":[118],"carpooling":[120],"noncarpooling":[122],"modes":[123],"within":[124],"shows":[127],"our":[129],"has":[131],"better":[133],"performance":[134],"revenue":[139],"PM's":[141],"service":[142],"charge.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}