{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2973889821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2019.2941735","title":"zkCrowd: A Hybrid Blockchain-Based Crowdsourcing Platform","display_name":"zkCrowd: A Hybrid Blockchain-Based Crowdsourcing Platform","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2973889821","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2019.2941735","mag":"2973889821"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2019.2941735","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2019.2941735","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007249432","display_name":"Saide Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2948-3555"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181565077","display_name":"Georgia State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qt6ba18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saide Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2948-3555","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072627238","display_name":"Zhipeng Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6017-975X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181565077","display_name":"Georgia State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qt6ba18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhipeng Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6017-975X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017385824","display_name":"Huafu Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huafu Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Omega Bio-tek Inc., Norcross, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Omega Bio-tek Inc., Norcross, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046635673","display_name":"Yingshu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1906-7112"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181565077","display_name":"Georgia State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qt6ba18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingshu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1906-7112","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100318387","display_name":"Wei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1837-4759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181565077","display_name":"Georgia State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03qt6ba18","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1837-4759","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Georgia State University, Atlanta, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181565077"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":43.3977,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":207,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99792319,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"6","first_page":"4196","last_page":"4205"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.9688783884048462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.8907099366188049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7045614719390869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.7018120288848877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.5769295692443848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4147733747959137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.39221134781837463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.29932937026023865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.16668719053268433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1590900421142578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.14137980341911316}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.9688783884048462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.8907099366188049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7045614719390869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.7018120288848877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5769295692443848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4147733747959137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.39221134781837463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.29932937026023865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.16668719053268433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1590900421142578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.14137980341911316}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2019.2941735","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2019.2941735","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.4099999964237213}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G185173424","display_name":"SaTC: CORE: Medium: Collaborative: Privacy Attacks and Defense Mechanisms in Online Social Networks","funder_award_id":"1704287","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4005500454","display_name":"SaTC: EDU: Collaborative: Advancing Cybersecurity Learning Through Inquiry-based Laboratories on a Container-based Virtualization Platform","funder_award_id":"1912753","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5332129434","display_name":"CyberTraining: CIP: Collaborative Research: Enhancing Mobile Security Education by Creating Eureka Experiences","funder_award_id":"1829674","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7332619717","display_name":"BIGDATA: F: Collaborative Research: Acquisition, Collection and Computation of Dynamic Big Sensory Data in Smart Cities","funder_award_id":"1741277","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1559136758","https://openalex.org/W1907293129","https://openalex.org/W2004373800","https://openalex.org/W2048642037","https://openalex.org/W2055699460","https://openalex.org/W2126087831","https://openalex.org/W2162184417","https://openalex.org/W2171337840","https://openalex.org/W2252150191","https://openalex.org/W2464343799","https://openalex.org/W2511446761","https://openalex.org/W2517744317","https://openalex.org/W2608178897","https://openalex.org/W2688317400","https://openalex.org/W2724474800","https://openalex.org/W2765239986","https://openalex.org/W2766209351","https://openalex.org/W2774686253","https://openalex.org/W2790257806","https://openalex.org/W2795991327","https://openalex.org/W2804023192","https://openalex.org/W2886208579","https://openalex.org/W2901556011","https://openalex.org/W2981749566","https://openalex.org/W3151869053","https://openalex.org/W6678832241","https://openalex.org/W6740251509","https://openalex.org/W6745143538","https://openalex.org/W6754865917"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257","https://openalex.org/W2799059781"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blockchain,":[0],"a":[1,87],"promising":[2],"decentralized":[3],"para-digm,":[4],"can":[5],"be":[6],"exploited":[7],"not":[8],"only":[9],"to":[10,21,99,115],"overcome":[11],"the":[12,15,42,53,57,63,108,117,122,125],"shortcomings":[13],"of":[14,35,65,119,124],"traditional":[16],"crowdsourcing":[17,58,79],"systems,":[18],"but":[19],"also":[20],"bring":[22],"technical":[23],"innovations,":[24],"such":[25],"as":[26],"decentralization":[27],"and":[28,68,95,104,111],"accountability.":[29],"Nevertheless,":[30],"some":[31],"critical":[32],"inherent":[33],"limitations":[34],"blockchain":[36,67,78,89],"have":[37],"been":[38],"rarely":[39],"addressed":[40],"in":[41,56,70],"literature":[43],"when":[44],"it":[45],"is":[46],"incorporated":[47],"into":[48],"crowdsourcing,":[49,69],"which":[50],"may":[51],"yield":[52],"performance":[54],"bottleneck":[55],"systems.":[59],"To":[60],"further":[61],"leverage":[62],"superiority":[64],"combining":[66],"this":[71],"article,":[72],"we":[73],"propose":[74],"an":[75],"innovative":[76],"hybrid":[77,88],"platform,":[80],"named":[81],"zkCrowd.":[82],"Our":[83],"zkCrowd":[84,120],"integrates":[85],"with":[86],"structure,":[90],"smart":[91],"contract,":[92],"dual":[93,96],"ledgers,":[94],"consensus":[97],"protocols":[98],"secure":[100],"communications,":[101],"verify":[102],"transactions,":[103],"preserve":[105],"privacy.":[106],"Both":[107],"theoretical":[109],"analysis":[110],"experiments":[112],"are":[113],"performed":[114],"evaluate":[116],"advantages":[118],"over":[121],"state":[123],"art.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":56},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
