{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2953762734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2019.2926557","title":"Reliability Evaluation of Power Grids Considering Integrity Attacks Against Substation Protective IEDs","display_name":"Reliability Evaluation of Power Grids Considering Integrity Attacks Against Substation Protective IEDs","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-07-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2953762734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2019.2926557","mag":"2953762734"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2019.2926557","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2019.2926557","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016212589","display_name":"Mahdi Bahrami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0895-1463"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahdi Bahrami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Center of Excellence in Power System Management and Control, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0895-1463","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Center of Excellence in Power System Management and Control, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038158100","display_name":"Mahmud Fotuhi\u2010Firuzabad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5507-9938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmud Fotuhi-Firuzabad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Center of Excellence in Power System Management and Control, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5507-9938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Center of Excellence in Power System Management and Control, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067021719","display_name":"Hossein Farzin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4433-1982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196051555","display_name":"Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz","ror":"https://ror.org/01k3mbs15","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196051555"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossein Farzin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4433-1982","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196051555"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0584,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95837666,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"1035","last_page":"1044"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11941","display_name":"Power System Reliability and Maintenance","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5731066465377808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5671770572662354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firewall","display_name":"Firewall (physics)","score":0.5604415535926819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power-system-protection","display_name":"Power-system protection","score":0.5216629505157471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.5159897804260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.49645382165908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circuit-breaker","display_name":"Circuit breaker","score":0.4790455102920532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scada","display_name":"SCADA","score":0.4300791025161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.42850080132484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3731429874897003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.2001943290233612}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5731066465377808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5671770572662354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77714075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5452017","display_name":"Firewall (physics)","level":5,"score":0.5604415535926819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38361682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1756067","display_name":"Power-system protection","level":4,"score":0.5216629505157471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5159897804260254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.49645382165908813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61352017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211058","display_name":"Circuit breaker","level":2,"score":0.4790455102920532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113863187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17498","display_name":"SCADA","level":2,"score":0.4300791025161743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.42850080132484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3731429874897003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2001943290233612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124017977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412","display_name":"Gravitation","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183915046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1316152","display_name":"Charged black hole","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115304011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72755","display_name":"Schwarzschild radius","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2019.2926557","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2019.2926557","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322243","display_name":"Iran National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03sr1ma14"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1526538707","https://openalex.org/W1952732242","https://openalex.org/W1968808436","https://openalex.org/W1974022228","https://openalex.org/W1986755980","https://openalex.org/W1995244334","https://openalex.org/W1997984252","https://openalex.org/W2002619227","https://openalex.org/W2028154759","https://openalex.org/W2041830596","https://openalex.org/W2056636551","https://openalex.org/W2094982635","https://openalex.org/W2109438750","https://openalex.org/W2115627802","https://openalex.org/W2127548576","https://openalex.org/W2139883237","https://openalex.org/W2143665444","https://openalex.org/W2155742919","https://openalex.org/W2315140361","https://openalex.org/W2315510390","https://openalex.org/W2318865872","https://openalex.org/W2414159004","https://openalex.org/W2510535264","https://openalex.org/W2515527499","https://openalex.org/W2522610349","https://openalex.org/W2523889590","https://openalex.org/W2525022545","https://openalex.org/W2551946625","https://openalex.org/W2743967296","https://openalex.org/W2746904025","https://openalex.org/W2767421699","https://openalex.org/W3214768147"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3036711525","https://openalex.org/W4248984247","https://openalex.org/W4308217825","https://openalex.org/W2120190783","https://openalex.org/W2365076629","https://openalex.org/W2163879918","https://openalex.org/W3091362923","https://openalex.org/W2137158307","https://openalex.org/W2171781874","https://openalex.org/W2315510390"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Secure":[0],"operation":[1,29],"of":[2,30,45,85,98,132],"protective":[3,102,137],"intelligent":[4],"electronic":[5],"devices":[6,103],"(IEDs)":[7],"has":[8],"been":[9],"recognized":[10],"as":[11],"a":[12,122,152],"crucial":[13],"issue":[14],"for":[15,41,88,128,171],"power":[16,173],"grids.":[17],"By":[18],"gaining":[19],"access":[20],"to":[21,58],"substation":[22,64,90],"IEDs,":[23],"intruders":[24],"can":[25],"severely":[26],"disrupt":[27],"the":[28,43,46,136,144,165,182],"protection":[31,51],"systems.":[32,52],"This":[33],"paper":[34],"develops":[35],"an":[36,160],"analytical":[37,161],"reliability":[38,185],"assessment":[39],"framework":[40,178],"quantifying":[42],"impacts":[44],"hypothesized":[47],"integrity":[48],"attacks":[49,134],"against":[50,156],"Petri":[53],"net":[54],"models":[55],"are":[56,82,104,149],"used":[57],"simulate":[59],"possible":[60,130],"intrusion":[61,74],"scenarios":[62],"into":[63],"networks.":[65,91],"The":[66,176],"cyber":[67,133,154],"network":[68],"model":[69,125,142,168],"is":[70,126,169,179,191],"constructed":[71],"from":[72],"firewall,":[73],"prevention":[75],"system":[76,174],"(IPS),":[77],"and":[78,114,188],"password":[79],"models,":[80],"which":[81],"three":[83],"types":[84,97],"defense":[86],"mechanisms":[87],"protecting":[89],"In":[92,119,139],"this":[93,120,141],"paper,":[94],"two":[95],"main":[96],"attacker":[99],"actions":[100,147],"on":[101,135,164,181],"recognized:":[105],"1)":[106],"sending":[107],"breaker":[108],"opening":[109],"commands":[110],"through":[111,193],"IED":[112,117],"connections;":[113],"2)":[115],"changing":[116],"settings.":[118],"regard,":[121],"multistate":[123],"Markov":[124,167],"proposed":[127,170,177],"identifying":[129],"consequences":[131],"devices.":[138],"addition,":[140],"captures":[143],"essential":[145],"remedial":[146],"that":[148],"taken":[150],"after":[151],"successful":[153],"attack":[155],"target":[157],"equipment.":[158],"Subsequently,":[159],"approach":[162],"based":[163],"introduced":[166],"assessing":[172],"reliability.":[175],"implemented":[180],"modified":[183],"IEEE":[184],"test":[186],"system,":[187],"its":[189],"effectiveness":[190],"demonstrated":[192],"extensive":[194],"case":[195],"studies.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
