{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2913132632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2019.2895054","title":"A Sequence-to-Sequence Deep Learning Architecture Based on Bidirectional GRU for Type Recognition and Time Location of Combined Power Quality Disturbance","display_name":"A Sequence-to-Sequence Deep Learning Architecture Based on Bidirectional GRU for Type Recognition and Time Location of Combined Power Quality Disturbance","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-01-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2913132632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2019.2895054","mag":"2913132632"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2019.2895054","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2019.2895054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101839898","display_name":"Yaping Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7015-9282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yaping Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100364389","display_name":"Lu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6850-2208"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101699452","display_name":"Hao Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9584-8546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103121548","display_name":"Xiangqian Tong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8833-1562"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131919","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangqian Tong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100786009","display_name":"Feng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8963-7723"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ningxia Electric Power Research Institute, Yinchuan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ningxia Electric Power Research Institute, Yinchuan, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101839898"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131919"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.0406,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":186,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98411297,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"8","first_page":"4481","last_page":"4493"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10573","display_name":"Power Quality and Harmonics","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10573","display_name":"Power Quality and Harmonics","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11343","display_name":"Power Transformer Diagnostics and Insulation","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11222","display_name":"Magnetic Properties and Applications","score":0.9747999906539917,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/softmax-function","display_name":"Softmax function","score":0.8794249296188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequence","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","score":0.7020281553268433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5268054008483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5203347206115723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5150246620178223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoder","display_name":"Encoder","score":0.5085960626602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4975874722003937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sampling","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","score":0.4723913371562958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.4595687687397003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4449481964111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.43071433901786804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.42510080337524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.41639450192451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15655973553657532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.07853084802627563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188441871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554146","display_name":"Softmax function","level":3,"score":0.8794249296188354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778112365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511065","display_name":"Sequence (biology)","level":2,"score":0.7020281553268433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5268054008483887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5203347206115723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5150246620178223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.5085960626602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4975874722003937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.4723913371562958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.4595687687397003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4449481964111328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.43071433901786804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.42510080337524414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.41639450192451477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15655973553657532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.07853084802627563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2019.2895054","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2019.2895054","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2061726127","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"103-451116012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325573","funder_display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4915187752","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"51677151","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325573","display_name":"Xi'an University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/038avdt50"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1904207232","https://openalex.org/W1987418886","https://openalex.org/W1993886000","https://openalex.org/W2000858710","https://openalex.org/W2044401459","https://openalex.org/W2061698056","https://openalex.org/W2062936627","https://openalex.org/W2079735306","https://openalex.org/W2330605115","https://openalex.org/W2330830656","https://openalex.org/W2461851250","https://openalex.org/W2500098465","https://openalex.org/W2518638964","https://openalex.org/W2547361322","https://openalex.org/W2614532490","https://openalex.org/W2620805161","https://openalex.org/W2624802635","https://openalex.org/W2738802650","https://openalex.org/W2740570963","https://openalex.org/W2750467878","https://openalex.org/W2766377391","https://openalex.org/W2769019225","https://openalex.org/W2777646224","https://openalex.org/W2781918655","https://openalex.org/W2783471871","https://openalex.org/W2793196616","https://openalex.org/W2801340807","https://openalex.org/W2899839677"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3107204728","https://openalex.org/W4287591324","https://openalex.org/W3108503355","https://openalex.org/W3090555870","https://openalex.org/W4226420367","https://openalex.org/W2962876041","https://openalex.org/W3022820045","https://openalex.org/W2801655600","https://openalex.org/W3005627584","https://openalex.org/W4323060069"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"a":[3],"sequence-to-sequence":[4,48],"deep":[5,62],"learning":[6],"architecture":[7],"based":[8],"on":[9],"the":[10,30,35,54,104,108,129,139,143,158,161,185,210,217],"bidirectional":[11],"gated":[12],"recurrent":[13,72],"unit":[14],"(Bi-GRU)":[15],"for":[16,193],"type":[17,36,130,144,162,188],"recognition":[18,189],"and":[19,59,86,98,147,171,176,200],"time":[20],"location":[21],"of":[22,37,131,151,187,196],"combined":[23,201],"power":[24],"quality":[25],"disturbance":[26],"is":[27,44,57,116,124,145,163,168,190,228],"proposed.":[28],"Especially,":[29],"proposed":[31,166],"methodology":[32],"can":[33],"determine":[34,128],"each":[38,111,132],"element":[39,112,133],"in":[40,82,113,134],"input":[41,55,67,114,135],"sequence,":[42],"which":[43],"different":[45],"from":[46,66],"existing":[47],"model":[49,167],"employing":[50],"encoder\u2013decoder":[51],"network.":[52],"First,":[53],"sequence":[56,68,115,136],"normalized":[58],"batched.":[60],"Second,":[61],"features":[63],"are":[64,79,100,153,213],"extracted":[65,93],"by":[69,137,173],"constructing":[70],"Bi-GRU":[71,77],"neural":[73],"network,":[74],"where":[75],"multiple":[76],"layers":[78],"stacked":[80],"together":[81],"both":[83],"forward":[84],"direction":[85],"backward":[87],"direction.":[88],"Third,":[89],"according":[90],"to":[91,102,127],"aforementioned":[92],"features,":[94],"fully":[95],"connected":[96],"layer":[97],"Softmax":[99],"employed":[101],"calculate":[103],"corresponding":[105],"probability":[106],"indicating":[107],"category":[109],"that":[110,184],"classified":[117],"to.":[118],"Fourth,":[119],"Argmax":[120],"or":[121],"Top_K":[122],"operation":[123],"further":[125,169],"integrated":[126],"selecting":[138],"maximal":[140],"probability.":[141],"Finally,":[142],"recognized,":[146],"meanwhile,":[148],"starting\u2013ending":[149,211],"times":[150,212],"disturbances":[152,197,202],"also":[154,214],"located":[155,215],"just":[156],"at":[157],"moment":[159],"when":[160,225],"changed.":[164],"The":[165],"validated":[170],"tested":[172],"synthetic":[174],"signals":[175],"practical":[177],"field":[178],"signals,":[179],"respectively.":[180],"Experimental":[181],"results":[182],"demonstrate":[183],"accuracy":[186],"over":[191],"98%":[192],"96":[194],"kinds":[195],"including":[198],"single":[199],"with":[203,216,233],"signal-to-noise":[204],"ration":[205],"being":[206],"20":[207],"dB.":[208],"Besides,":[209],"absolute":[218],"error":[219],"less":[220],"than":[221],"six":[222],"sampling":[223,226],"points":[224,230],"frequency":[227],"256":[229],"per":[231],"cycle":[232],"noisy":[234],"environment.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-15T09:29:46.208133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
