{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2795933272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2018.2806357","title":"A Technical Approach to the Energy Blockchain in Microgrids","display_name":"A Technical Approach to the Energy Blockchain in Microgrids","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-02-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2795933272","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2018.2806357","mag":"2795933272"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2018.2806357","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2018.2806357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10447/280361","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003599224","display_name":"Maria Luisa Di Silvestre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I900890020","display_name":"University of Palermo","ror":"https://ror.org/044k9ta02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Luisa Di Silvestre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy, Information Engineering and Mathematical Models, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6268-0748","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy, Information Engineering and Mathematical Models, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061510917","display_name":"Pierluigi Gallo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6333-5997"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I900890020","display_name":"University of Palermo","ror":"https://ror.org/044k9ta02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pierluigi Gallo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy, Information Engineering and Mathematical Models, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6333-5997","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy, Information Engineering and Mathematical Models, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041901930","display_name":"Mariano Giuseppe Ippolito","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6019-0553"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I900890020","display_name":"University of Palermo","ror":"https://ror.org/044k9ta02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariano Giuseppe Ippolito","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy, Information Engineering and Mathematical Models, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy, Information Engineering and Mathematical Models, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040577995","display_name":"Eleonora Riva Sanseverino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0113-7650"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I900890020","display_name":"University of Palermo","ror":"https://ror.org/044k9ta02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eleonora Riva Sanseverino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy, Information Engineering and Mathematical Models, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0113-7650","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy, Information Engineering and Mathematical Models, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019687952","display_name":"Gaetano Zizzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4413-4855"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I900890020","display_name":"University of Palermo","ror":"https://ror.org/044k9ta02","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaetano Zizzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Energy, Information Engineering and Mathematical Models, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4413-4855","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Energy, Information Engineering and Mathematical Models, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I900890020"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":18.5576,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":247,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99547964,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"11","first_page":"4792","last_page":"4803"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10603","display_name":"Smart Grid Energy Management","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microgrid","display_name":"Microgrid","score":0.9397197961807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ac-power","display_name":"AC power","score":0.6731780171394348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remuneration","display_name":"Remuneration","score":0.6335840821266174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.61077880859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database-transaction","display_name":"Database transaction","score":0.5204318165779114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.44751664996147156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.4424835741519928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generator","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","score":0.4355493485927582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4331076443195343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electricity-generation","display_name":"Electricity generation","score":0.42928287386894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.36023977398872375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.35794705152511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2604464292526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.23390281200408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.10769444704055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.09433120489120483}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776784348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5762595","display_name":"Microgrid","level":3,"score":0.9397197961807251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.6731780171394348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777488495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1742093","display_name":"Remuneration","level":2,"score":0.6335840821266174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.61077880859375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75949130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848010","display_name":"Database transaction","level":2,"score":0.5204318165779114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.44751664996147156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.4424835741519928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780992000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17016113","display_name":"Generator (circuit theory)","level":3,"score":0.4355493485927582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4331076443195343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.42928287386894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.36023977398872375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.35794705152511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2604464292526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.23390281200408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.10769444704055786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.09433120489120483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2018.2806357","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2018.2806357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unipa.it:10447/280361","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10447/280361","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10447/280361","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401065","display_name":"Nova Science Publishers (Nova Science Publishers, Inc.)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unipa.it:10447/280361","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10447/280361","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10447/280361","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401065","display_name":"Nova Science Publishers (Nova Science Publishers, Inc.)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2795933272.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W893234787","https://openalex.org/W1504695911","https://openalex.org/W1549835036","https://openalex.org/W1553435762","https://openalex.org/W1559136758","https://openalex.org/W1971284000","https://openalex.org/W2010783205","https://openalex.org/W2032540334","https://openalex.org/W2034111392","https://openalex.org/W2040240194","https://openalex.org/W2059875792","https://openalex.org/W2065806051","https://openalex.org/W2082234069","https://openalex.org/W2099504243","https://openalex.org/W2118549322","https://openalex.org/W2123398485","https://openalex.org/W2128459405","https://openalex.org/W2130364285","https://openalex.org/W2132876068","https://openalex.org/W2135390064","https://openalex.org/W2142574616","https://openalex.org/W2146132743","https://openalex.org/W2155284472","https://openalex.org/W2517744317","https://openalex.org/W2536561896","https://openalex.org/W2608926820","https://openalex.org/W2619984247","https://openalex.org/W2629433172","https://openalex.org/W2726001757","https://openalex.org/W2738122318","https://openalex.org/W2759826623","https://openalex.org/W2769227940","https://openalex.org/W2777447168","https://openalex.org/W3054398220","https://openalex.org/W4295720133","https://openalex.org/W6678994969","https://openalex.org/W6679523150","https://openalex.org/W6740384779","https://openalex.org/W6781563661"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W2015078956","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W4225773843","https://openalex.org/W4210780382","https://openalex.org/W3016961585"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,143],"present":[1],"paper":[2,148],"considers":[3,149],"some":[4,83],"technical":[5,103],"issues":[6],"related":[7],"to":[8,14,69,136],"the":[9,21,25,37,42,45,87,93,147],"\u201cenergy":[10],"blockchain\u201d":[11],"paradigm":[12],"applied":[13],"microgrids.":[15],"In":[16],"particular,":[17],"what":[18],"appears":[19],"from":[20],"study":[22],"is":[23,79,127],"that":[24],"superposition":[26],"of":[27,36,44,66,89,95,121,129,141,146],"energy":[28],"transactions":[29],"in":[30,40,51,60,131,134],"a":[31,34,63,100,118,138,150],"microgrid":[32,153],"creates":[33],"variation":[35],"power":[38,48,67,109,123],"losses":[39,49,68],"all":[41],"branches":[43],"microgrid.":[46],"Traditional":[47],"allocation":[50],"distribution":[52],"systems":[53],"takes":[54],"into":[55],"account":[56],"only":[57],"generators":[58],"while,":[59],"this":[61,106],"paper,":[62],"real-time":[64],"attribution":[65],"each":[70],"transaction":[71],"involving":[72],"one":[73,76],"generator":[74],"and":[75,98,154],"load":[77],"node":[78],"done":[80],"by":[81],"defining":[82],"suitable":[84],"indices.":[85],"Besides,":[86],"presence":[88],"P-V":[90,115],"nodes":[91,116],"increases":[92],"level":[94],"reactive":[96,108,122],"flows":[97],"provides":[99],"more":[101],"complex":[102],"perspective.":[104],"For":[105],"reason,":[107],"generation":[110],"for":[111],"voltage":[112,152],"support":[113],"at":[114],"poses":[117],"further":[119],"problem":[120],"flow":[124],"exchange,":[125],"which":[126],"worth":[128],"investigation":[130],"future":[132],"works":[133],"order":[135],"define":[137],"possible":[139],"way":[140],"remuneration.":[142],"experimental":[144],"section":[145],"medium":[151],"two":[155],"different":[156],"operational":[157],"scenarios.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":41},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":40},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
