{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2772098481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2017.2779240","title":"White Rabbit HSR: A Seamless Subnanosecond Redundant Timing System With Low-Latency Data Capabilities for the Smart Grid","display_name":"White Rabbit HSR: A Seamless Subnanosecond Redundant Timing System With Low-Latency Data Capabilities for the Smart Grid","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-12-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2772098481","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2017.2779240","mag":"2772098481"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2017.2779240","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2017.2779240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045926577","display_name":"Jose Luis Gutierrez-Rivas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0107-7352"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Luis Gutierrez-Rivas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0107-7352","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065368522","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 L\u00f3pez-Jim\u00e9nez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0137-7099"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jose Lopez-Jimenez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0137-7099","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101663021","display_name":"Eduardo Ros","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6613-5256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Ros","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6613-5256","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068832875","display_name":"Javier D\u00edaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1849-8068"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173304897","display_name":"Universidad de Granada","ror":"https://ror.org/04njjy449","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javier Diaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1849-8068","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173304897"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7855,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86227556,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"8","first_page":"3486","last_page":"3494"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-grid","display_name":"Smart grid","score":0.7410272359848022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backup","display_name":"Backup","score":0.7151763439178467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5673753619194031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.5155956149101257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.4850160777568817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.480660080909729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.47031015157699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4530482292175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iec-61850","display_name":"IEC 61850","score":0.4465555250644684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.4406852722167969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.43636754155158997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phasor","display_name":"Phasor","score":0.4247659146785736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3921110928058624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3523637056350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3162653148174286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.14380702376365662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.14305555820465088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14105477929115295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.14105212688446045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.0998697280883789}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.7410272359848022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780945871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194274","display_name":"Backup","level":2,"score":0.7151763439178467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5673753619194031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5155956149101257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.4850160777568817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.480660080909729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.47031015157699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4530482292175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778907243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168160","display_name":"IEC 61850","level":3,"score":0.4465555250644684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.4406852722167969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.43636754155158997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176605952","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827674","display_name":"Phasor","level":4,"score":0.4247659146785736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3921110928058624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3523637056350708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3162653148174286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14380702376365662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.14305555820465088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14105477929115295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.14105212688446045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.0998697280883789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2017.2779240","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2017.2779240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.47999998927116394,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1971443571","https://openalex.org/W1985567175","https://openalex.org/W2018330445","https://openalex.org/W2042420160","https://openalex.org/W2089738288","https://openalex.org/W2089758604","https://openalex.org/W2103072081","https://openalex.org/W2119866123","https://openalex.org/W2120955369","https://openalex.org/W2167008354","https://openalex.org/W2330075143","https://openalex.org/W2396597768","https://openalex.org/W2783485385"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2367739416","https://openalex.org/W2955195711","https://openalex.org/W2352028207","https://openalex.org/W1847012216","https://openalex.org/W2383397189","https://openalex.org/W2364323245","https://openalex.org/W1984507003","https://openalex.org/W2378142920","https://openalex.org/W2060186004","https://openalex.org/W2553754225"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"New":[0],"smart":[1,166],"grid":[2,167],"and":[3,14,25,34,85,164,177,194,211],"industrial-Internet-of-things":[4],"(IIoT)":[5],"directions":[6],"require":[7],"accurate":[8],"synchronization":[9],"features":[10,31,202],"to":[11,37,61,119,132,137,162,189],"capture,":[12],"trigger,":[13],"manage":[15],"events":[16],"in":[17,102,142,206],"industrial":[18,80,204],"networks":[19],"with":[20,42,146,160,199,208],"the":[21,46,49,68,79,88,95,108,113,126,165,175,180,186],"best":[22],"possible":[23,94],"precision":[24],"accuracy.":[26],"The":[27],"implementation":[28],"of":[29,45,48,70,90,97,100,128,152,179],"redundancy":[30,183],"for":[32,185,203],"time":[33,140,145],"data":[35,201],"distribution":[36,116],"increase":[38],"fault":[39],"tolerance,":[40],"together":[41],"an":[43,147,156],"enhancement":[44],"availability":[47,86],"network":[50],"services":[51],"such":[52],"as":[53,112],"generic":[54],"object-oriented":[55],"substation":[56],"events,":[57],"become":[58],"mandatory":[59],"due":[60],"their":[62],"critical":[63],"nature.":[64],"For":[65],"these":[66],"reasons,":[67],"authors":[69],"this":[71],"paper":[72,173],"presented":[73],"a":[74,129,135,138,191],"new":[75],"challenging":[76],"approach":[77,106],"covering":[78],"standards":[81],"requirements":[82],"regarding":[83],"timing":[84,115,197],"through":[87],"development":[89,127,176],"mechanisms":[91],"that":[92],"make":[93],"avoidance":[96],"single":[98],"point":[99],"failure":[101],"ring":[103],"topologies.":[104],"This":[105,172],"uses":[107],"White":[109],"Rabbit":[110],"(WR)":[111],"main":[114],"technology,":[117],"able":[118,131],"synchronize":[120],"devices":[121],"below":[122],"1":[123],"ns.":[124],"Moreover,":[125],"mechanism":[130],"change":[133],"from":[134],"primary":[136],"backup":[139],"reference":[141],"approximately":[143],"zero":[144],"observed":[148],"maximum":[149],"phase":[150],"shift":[151],"170":[153],"ps":[154],"implies":[155],"important":[157],"qualitative":[158],"leap":[159],"respect":[161],"IIoT":[163],"(e.g.,":[168],"phasor":[169],"measurement":[170],"units).":[171],"addresses":[174],"results":[178],"high-availability":[181,200],"seamless":[182],"protocol":[184],"WR":[187],"technology":[188],"conform":[190],"leading-edge":[192],"deterministic":[193],"reliable":[195],"ultraaccurate":[196],"system":[198],"facilities":[205],"accordance":[207],"IEC":[209,212],"61850":[210],"62439-3.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}