{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2767792274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2017.2770096","title":"Toward Threat of Implementation Attacks on Substation Security: Case Study on Fault Detection and Isolation","display_name":"Toward Threat of Implementation Attacks on Substation Security: Case Study on Fault Detection and Isolation","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2767792274","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2017.2770096","mag":"2767792274"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2017.2770096","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2017.2770096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/88768/1/paper.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089860351","display_name":"Anupam Chattopadhyay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8818-6983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anupam Chattopadhyay","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8818-6983","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086713046","display_name":"Abhisek Ukil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3100-7865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154130895","display_name":"University of Auckland","ror":"https://ror.org/03b94tp07","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhisek Ukil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3100-7865","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154130895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060395435","display_name":"Dirmanto Jap","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3149-9401"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dirmanto Jap","raw_affiliation_strings":["Temasek Laboratories, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3149-9401","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Temasek Laboratories, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081720773","display_name":"Shivam Bhasin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6903-5127"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shivam Bhasin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Temasek Laboratories, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6903-5127","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Temasek Laboratories, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9597,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95632735,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"6","first_page":"2442","last_page":"2451"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.7546931505203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.663108229637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6292865872383118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iec-61850","display_name":"IEC 61850","score":0.5513489246368408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blackout","display_name":"Blackout","score":0.45535942912101746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isolation","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","score":0.4550813138484955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.43550175428390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.3328739404678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.23982179164886475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.19267815351486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.12041667103767395}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.7546931505203247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.663108229637146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6292865872383118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778907243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168160","display_name":"IEC 61850","level":3,"score":0.5513489246368408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777693866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q359099","display_name":"Blackout","level":4,"score":0.45535942912101746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.4550813138484955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.43550175428390503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.3328739404678345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23982179164886475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.19267815351486206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.12041667103767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2017.2770096","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2017.2770096","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/88768","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10220/44733","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/88768/1/paper.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/88768","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10220/44733","pdf_url":"https://dr.ntu.edu.sg/bitstream/10356/88768/1/paper.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2767792274.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W76123274","https://openalex.org/W1501487476","https://openalex.org/W1541663547","https://openalex.org/W1965810490","https://openalex.org/W1973309971","https://openalex.org/W1991630164","https://openalex.org/W2010971081","https://openalex.org/W2020524857","https://openalex.org/W2025849355","https://openalex.org/W2039427951","https://openalex.org/W2057933324","https://openalex.org/W2078668570","https://openalex.org/W2111725598","https://openalex.org/W2114235603","https://openalex.org/W2117122372","https://openalex.org/W2119740108","https://openalex.org/W2121098361","https://openalex.org/W2121650102","https://openalex.org/W2127548576","https://openalex.org/W2132350861","https://openalex.org/W2141842212","https://openalex.org/W2150928734","https://openalex.org/W2154909745","https://openalex.org/W2155230465","https://openalex.org/W2157961892","https://openalex.org/W2161998562","https://openalex.org/W2289571706","https://openalex.org/W2295549364","https://openalex.org/W2314374461","https://openalex.org/W2320793336","https://openalex.org/W2342631855","https://openalex.org/W2346189488","https://openalex.org/W2404448171","https://openalex.org/W2406810199","https://openalex.org/W2556196092","https://openalex.org/W2564348914","https://openalex.org/W2570832985","https://openalex.org/W2593775473","https://openalex.org/W2621097571","https://openalex.org/W3105925763","https://openalex.org/W4237248368","https://openalex.org/W6632480037","https://openalex.org/W6682184091","https://openalex.org/W6713880235","https://openalex.org/W6738246020"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2357840196","https://openalex.org/W2997512100","https://openalex.org/W2132018665","https://openalex.org/W2331043530","https://openalex.org/W3048799479","https://openalex.org/W2035973884","https://openalex.org/W2075965984","https://openalex.org/W2393933887","https://openalex.org/W2534592152","https://openalex.org/W3212678327"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modern":[0],"and":[1,16,21,33,42,154,184],"future":[2],"substations":[3],"are":[4,157],"aimed":[5],"to":[6,159,179],"be":[7],"more":[8],"interconnected,":[9],"leveraging":[10],"communication":[11,22,73,87],"standards":[12],"like":[13,24,54,149],"IEC":[14,93],"61850-9-2,":[15],"associated":[17],"abstract":[18],"data":[19,44],"models":[20],"services":[23],"generic":[25],"object":[26],"oriented":[27],"substation":[28,129,162],"event,":[29],"manufacturing":[30],"message":[31],"specification,":[32],"sampled":[34],"measured":[35],"value.":[36],"Such":[37],"interconnection":[38],"would":[39,68],"enable":[40],"fast":[41],"secure":[43],"transfer,":[45],"sharing":[46],"of":[47,111,125,133,177],"the":[48,98,105,109,112],"analytics":[49],"information":[50],"for":[51],"various":[52],"purposes":[53],"wide":[55],"area":[56],"monitoring,":[57],"faster":[58],"outage":[59],"recovery,":[60],"blackout":[61],"prevention,":[62],"distributed":[63],"state":[64],"estimation,":[65],"etc.":[66],"This":[67,139],"require":[69],"strong":[70],"focus":[71],"on":[72,97,128],"security,":[74],"both":[75],"at":[76,82],"system":[77,100,107],"level":[78,88,163],"as":[79,81],"well":[80],"embedded":[83,99,106],"device":[84],"level.":[85],"Although":[86],"security":[89],"is":[90,101,136,140],"dealt":[91],"in":[92,115],"62351,":[94],"implementation":[95,126,147,171],"attack":[96],"not":[102],"considered.":[103],"Since":[104],"makes":[108],"core":[110],"smart":[113],"grid,":[114],"this":[116],"paper,":[117],"we":[118],"take":[119],"a":[120,143,161],"deeper":[121],"look":[122],"into":[123],"impact":[124],"attacks":[127,148,153,172],"security.":[130],"An":[131],"overview":[132],"potential":[134],"exploits":[135],"first":[137],"provided.":[138],"followed":[141],"by":[142],"case":[144],"study,":[145],"where":[146],"malicious":[150],"fault":[151],"injection":[152],"hardware":[155],"Trojan":[156],"used":[158],"compromise":[160],"intelligent":[164],"electronic":[165],"device.":[166],"The":[167],"studied":[168],"scenario":[169],"extends":[170],"beyond":[173],"its":[174],"usual":[175],"exploit":[176],"confidentiality":[178],"affect":[180],"power":[181],"grid":[182],"integrity":[183],"availability.":[185]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}