{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1963852410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2015.2402615","title":"Colonial Competitive Algorithm Development toward Harmonic Minimization in Multilevel Inverters","display_name":"Colonial Competitive Algorithm Development toward Harmonic Minimization in Multilevel Inverters","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1963852410","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2015.2402615","mag":"1963852410"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2015.2402615","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2015.2402615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109072322","display_name":"M. H. Etesami","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158248296","display_name":"Amirkabir University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzbav43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Hossein Etesami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran","Department of Electrical Engineering, AmirKabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, AmirKabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018419822","display_name":"N. Farokhnia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91045830","display_name":"Texas A&M University","ror":"https://ror.org/01f5ytq51","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naeem Farokhnia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA","[Department of Electrical, and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electrical, and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91045830"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024129668","display_name":"S. H. Fathi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7062-7317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158248296","display_name":"Amirkabir University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04gzbav43","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seyed Hamid Fathi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran","Department of Electrical Engineering, AmirKabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, AmirKabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109072322"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158248296"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.9287,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":113,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98677835,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"1"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12277","display_name":"Frequency Control in Power Systems","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10228","display_name":"Multilevel Inverters and Converters","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.6914037466049194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonics","display_name":"Harmonics","score":0.5839178562164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic","display_name":"Harmonic","score":0.5071852207183838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5016758441925049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.4857233166694641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/waveform","display_name":"Waveform","score":0.4844963252544403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minification","display_name":"Minification","score":0.4471903443336487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-algorithm","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","score":0.4445270895957947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rate-of-convergence","display_name":"Rate of convergence","score":0.4431544244289398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.4230150282382965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.42172276973724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.4115256071090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3959057629108429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.39215996861457825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.38805580139160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22626647353172302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.09713232517242432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.08154052495956421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0769006609916687}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.6914037466049194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188414643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001183","display_name":"Harmonics","level":3,"score":0.5839178562164307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127934551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148098","display_name":"Harmonic","level":2,"score":0.5071852207183838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5016758441925049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4857233166694641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197424946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165717","display_name":"Waveform","level":3,"score":0.4844963252544403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147764199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6865248","display_name":"Minification","level":2,"score":0.4471903443336487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.4445270895957947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57869625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783502","display_name":"Rate of convergence","level":3,"score":0.4431544244289398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.4230150282382965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.42172276973724365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.4115256071090698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3959057629108429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.39215996861457825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38805580139160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22626647353172302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.09713232517242432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.08154052495956421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0769006609916687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2015.2402615","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2015.2402615","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511831332","https://openalex.org/W1593569011","https://openalex.org/W1978062424","https://openalex.org/W1987104796","https://openalex.org/W1993480350","https://openalex.org/W2004553553","https://openalex.org/W2021599943","https://openalex.org/W2033011996","https://openalex.org/W2042095236","https://openalex.org/W2051723428","https://openalex.org/W2052105435","https://openalex.org/W2052755062","https://openalex.org/W2065990987","https://openalex.org/W2070213873","https://openalex.org/W2071835425","https://openalex.org/W2074076844","https://openalex.org/W2086467677","https://openalex.org/W2096633720","https://openalex.org/W2102424558","https://openalex.org/W2103962383","https://openalex.org/W2122910451","https://openalex.org/W2138278080","https://openalex.org/W2142391711","https://openalex.org/W2146773615","https://openalex.org/W2147385081","https://openalex.org/W2153107978","https://openalex.org/W2157804934","https://openalex.org/W2157820822","https://openalex.org/W2160507745","https://openalex.org/W2164154249","https://openalex.org/W2166683244","https://openalex.org/W2170063130","https://openalex.org/W2172153768","https://openalex.org/W2211072957","https://openalex.org/W4225072595"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2370517014","https://openalex.org/W2039242888","https://openalex.org/W2515867587","https://openalex.org/W1838021708","https://openalex.org/W2535445299","https://openalex.org/W2020985248","https://openalex.org/W2160225810","https://openalex.org/W75722962","https://openalex.org/W2362354458","https://openalex.org/W2109760461"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Selective":[0],"harmonic":[1],"elimination":[2],"pulse":[3],"width":[4],"modulation":[5],"(SHEPWM)":[6],"is":[7,50,71],"a":[8,54],"well-known":[9],"switching":[10],"technique":[11,32,79],"applied":[12],"directly":[13],"to":[14,24,44,52,73],"the":[15,65,77,127],"output":[16],"voltage":[17],"waveform":[18],"of":[19,59,83,117],"multilevel":[20],"inverters":[21],"which":[22],"aims":[23],"omit":[25],"low-order":[26],"harmonics.":[27],"Related":[28],"equations":[29],"for":[30,76],"this":[31,63,110],"are":[33,91],"transcendental,":[34],"so":[35],"an":[36],"objective":[37],"function":[38],"should":[39],"be":[40,53,74],"defined":[41],"in":[42,80,115],"order":[43],"cover":[45],"all":[46],"constraints.":[47],"Evolutionary":[48],"computation":[49],"demonstrated":[51],"promising":[55],"tool":[56],"meeting":[57],"requirements":[58],"such":[60],"problems.":[61],"In":[62],"paper,":[64],"standard":[66],"colonial":[67],"competitive":[68],"algorithm":[69,100],"(CCA)":[70],"improved":[72],"employed":[75],"mentioned":[78],"two":[81,94],"cases":[82],"equal":[84],"and":[85,102,120],"unequal":[86],"dc":[87],"sources.":[88],"The":[89],"results":[90,125],"compared":[92],"with":[93],"other":[95,113],"successful":[96],"algorithms":[97],"namely":[98],"genetic":[99],"(GA)":[101],"particle":[103],"swarm":[104],"optimization":[105],"(PSO).":[106],"Results":[107],"indicate":[108],"that":[109],"method":[111],"outperforms":[112],"methods":[114],"terms":[116],"convergence":[118],"rate":[119],"tackling":[121],"local":[122],"optima.":[123],"Experimental":[124],"verify":[126],"simulation":[128],"results.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-22T08:38:42.863108","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}