{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1972619391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2013.2294156","title":"GM-PHD-Based Multi-Target Visual Tracking Using Entropy Distribution and Game Theory","display_name":"GM-PHD-Based Multi-Target Visual Tracking Using Entropy Distribution and Game Theory","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1972619391","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2013.2294156","mag":"1972619391"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2013.2294156","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2013.2294156","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000617805","display_name":"Xiaolong Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8197-789X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolong Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100642147","display_name":"Youfu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5227-1326"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youfu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","Dept. of Mech. & Biomed. Eng., City Univ. of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Mech. & Biomed. Eng., City Univ. of Hong Kong, Kowloon, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045379870","display_name":"Bingwei He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4386-8542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bingwei He","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","Sch. of Mech. Eng. & Autom., Fuzhou Univ., Fuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Mech. Eng. & Autom., Fuzhou Univ., Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021921226","display_name":"Tianxiang Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8159-2631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210129155","display_name":"ASM Pacific Technology (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03nvser95","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210129155"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I927159995","display_name":"ASM International","ror":"https://ror.org/0244fmj21","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I927159995"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianxiang Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Research and Development, Advanced Semiconductor Materials (ASM) Pacific Technology Ltd., Kwai Chung, Hong Kong","Dept. of R&D, Adv. Semicond. Mater. (ASM) Pacific Technol. Ltd., Kwai Chung, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Research and Development, Advanced Semiconductor Materials (ASM) Pacific Technology Ltd., Kwai Chung, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210129155"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of R&D, Adv. Semicond. Mater. (ASM) Pacific Technol. Ltd., Kwai Chung, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I927159995"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.8885,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":86,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98600559,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"2","first_page":"1064","last_page":"1076"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12389","display_name":"Infrared Target Detection Methodologies","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7275998592376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6991115808486938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6584247946739197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-tracking","display_name":"Video tracking","score":0.6305433511734009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5653092861175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.49877381324768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutual-information","display_name":"Mutual information","score":0.4896546006202698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.47221070528030396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.41596442461013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/active-appearance-model","display_name":"Active appearance model","score":0.41287389397621155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3955506980419159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.22448977828025818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.13723236322402954}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7275998592376709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6991115808486938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6584247946739197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202474056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931635","display_name":"Video tracking","level":3,"score":0.6305433511734009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5653092861175537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.49877381324768066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152139883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252973","display_name":"Mutual information","level":2,"score":0.4896546006202698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.47221070528030396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.41596442461013794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83248878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q344000","display_name":"Active appearance model","level":3,"score":0.41287389397621155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3955506980419159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.22448977828025818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.13723236322402954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2013.2294156","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2013.2294156","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1584323985","https://openalex.org/W1601188638","https://openalex.org/W1764867558","https://openalex.org/W1964207075","https://openalex.org/W1972001002","https://openalex.org/W1986420981","https://openalex.org/W1990511877","https://openalex.org/W1995875735","https://openalex.org/W2014787937","https://openalex.org/W2033880937","https://openalex.org/W2042413420","https://openalex.org/W2056402417","https://openalex.org/W2066564375","https://openalex.org/W2071625890","https://openalex.org/W2074148465","https://openalex.org/W2076762532","https://openalex.org/W2089412209","https://openalex.org/W2096246546","https://openalex.org/W2100483433","https://openalex.org/W2102061963","https://openalex.org/W2104828970","https://openalex.org/W2111635868","https://openalex.org/W2115672710","https://openalex.org/W2115674166","https://openalex.org/W2121281594","https://openalex.org/W2124781496","https://openalex.org/W2137585588","https://openalex.org/W2138732321","https://openalex.org/W2143808940","https://openalex.org/W2144206644","https://openalex.org/W2148958980","https://openalex.org/W2152323237","https://openalex.org/W2158078329","https://openalex.org/W2160921345","https://openalex.org/W2169282617","https://openalex.org/W2170296202","https://openalex.org/W2537515364","https://openalex.org/W6681402910","https://openalex.org/W6729161146"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2036846997","https://openalex.org/W2112223184","https://openalex.org/W2347586617","https://openalex.org/W2115702840","https://openalex.org/W2161963661","https://openalex.org/W2125614474","https://openalex.org/W2295845123","https://openalex.org/W2358054814","https://openalex.org/W2090882960","https://openalex.org/W2115754283"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Tracking":[0],"multiple":[1],"moving":[2],"targets":[3,95,121,137],"in":[4,96,122],"a":[5,8,59,73,97,101],"video":[6,16],"is":[7,86,115,130],"challenge":[9],"because":[10],"of":[11,20,135,154],"several":[12],"factors,":[13],"including":[14],"noisy":[15,98],"data,":[17],"varying":[18],"number":[19],"targets,":[21],"and":[22,83,90],"mutual":[23,104,123],"occlusion":[24,105,140],"problems.":[25],"The":[26,125],"Gaussian":[27],"mixture":[28],"probability":[29],"hypothesis":[30],"density":[31],"(GM-PHD)":[32],"filter,":[33],"which":[34],"aims":[35],"to":[36,88,117],"recursively":[37],"propagate":[38],"the":[39,43,49,53,66,93,120,139,143,151,155],"intensity":[40,76],"associated":[41],"with":[42,69,108],"multi-target":[44,60],"posterior":[45],"density,":[46],"can":[47],"overcome":[48],"difficulty":[50],"caused":[51],"by":[52,132],"data":[54],"association.":[55],"This":[56],"paper":[57],"develops":[58],"visual":[61,157],"tracking":[62,158],"system":[63],"that":[64],"combines":[65],"GM-PHD":[67],"filter":[68],"object":[70],"detection.":[71],"First,":[72],"new":[74],"birth":[75],"estimation":[77],"algorithm":[78,107],"based":[79],"on":[80,146],"entropy":[81],"distribution":[82],"coverage":[84],"rate":[85],"proposed":[87,116,156],"automatically":[89],"accurately":[91],"track":[92,119],"newborn":[94],"video.":[99],"Then,":[100],"robust":[102],"game-theoretical":[103],"handling":[106],"an":[109],"improved":[110,131],"spatial":[111,126],"color":[112,127],"appearance":[113,128],"model":[114,129],"effectively":[118],"occlusion.":[124],"incorporating":[133],"interferences":[134],"other":[136],"within":[138],"region.":[141],"Finally,":[142],"experiments":[144],"conducted":[145],"publicly":[147],"available":[148],"videos":[149],"demonstrate":[150],"good":[152],"performance":[153],"system.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
