{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2048106635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2011.2172451","title":"A Fusion Approach for Efficient Human Skin Detection","display_name":"A Fusion Approach for Efficient Human Skin Detection","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-10-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2048106635","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2011.2172451","mag":"2048106635"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2011.2172451","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2011.2172451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1410.3751","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027004576","display_name":"Wei Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0024-8009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei Ren Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Image and Signal Processing Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","Centre of Image & Signal Process., Univ. of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Image and Signal Processing Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Image & Signal Process., Univ. of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070805897","display_name":"Chee Seng Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7677-2865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chee Seng Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre of Image and Signal Processing Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","Centre of Image & Signal Process., Univ. of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Image and Signal Processing Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre of Image & Signal Process., Univ. of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052517164","display_name":"Pratheepan Yogarajah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4586-7228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pratheepan Yogarajah","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Intelligent Systems, University of Ulster, UK","Sch. of Comput. & Intell. Syst., Univ. of Ulster (Magee), Derry, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Intelligent Systems, University of Ulster, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Comput. & Intell. Syst., Univ. of Ulster (Magee), Derry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045752970","display_name":"Joan Condell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3517-2182"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138801177","display_name":"University of Ulster","ror":"https://ror.org/01yp9g959","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joan Condell","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Intelligent Systems, University of Ulster, UK","Sch. of Comput. & Intell. Syst., Univ. of Ulster (Magee), Derry, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Intelligent Systems, University of Ulster, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Comput. & Intell. Syst., Univ. of Ulster (Magee), Derry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138801177"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027004576"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.3708,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":167,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98169148,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"138","last_page":"147"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fusion","display_name":"Fusion","score":0.5277981162071228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5060252547264099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.44095703959465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3445952832698822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.07789906859397888}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.5277981162071228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5060252547264099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.44095703959465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3445952832698822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.07789906859397888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2011.2172451","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2011.2172451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1410.3751","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1410.3751","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1410.3751","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.726.4155","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.726.4155","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://web.fsktm.um.edu.my/%7Ecschan/doc/TII2012.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.746.2267","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.746.2267","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://arxiv.org/pdf/1410.3751.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1410.3751","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1410.3751","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1410.3751","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1480498941","https://openalex.org/W1492801097","https://openalex.org/W1817561967","https://openalex.org/W1951843614","https://openalex.org/W1971038662","https://openalex.org/W2000674655","https://openalex.org/W2008138930","https://openalex.org/W2014559209","https://openalex.org/W2016557874","https://openalex.org/W2025239563","https://openalex.org/W2034058812","https://openalex.org/W2038949882","https://openalex.org/W2053150006","https://openalex.org/W2078088780","https://openalex.org/W2091313930","https://openalex.org/W2095907543","https://openalex.org/W2105315608","https://openalex.org/W2105546352","https://openalex.org/W2108054537","https://openalex.org/W2110018117","https://openalex.org/W2114400797","https://openalex.org/W2122358773","https://openalex.org/W2126649719","https://openalex.org/W2128210042","https://openalex.org/W2140608910","https://openalex.org/W2142193892","https://openalex.org/W2143413293","https://openalex.org/W2153746365","https://openalex.org/W2168392347","https://openalex.org/W2544251936","https://openalex.org/W4246277146","https://openalex.org/W4256374187","https://openalex.org/W6679191435"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2058170566","https://openalex.org/W2755342338","https://openalex.org/W2772917594","https://openalex.org/W2775347418","https://openalex.org/W2166024367","https://openalex.org/W3116076068","https://openalex.org/W2229312674","https://openalex.org/W2951359407","https://openalex.org/W2079911747","https://openalex.org/W1969923398"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"reliable":[1],"human":[2,11,21,27,52,72,87],"skin":[3,12,22,40,53,73,88,104,127],"detection":[4,29,41,74,89,128],"method":[5,146],"that":[6,76],"is":[7,17,99,119,143],"adaptable":[8],"to":[9,38,46,101,147],"different":[10,26,56],"colors":[13,54],"and":[14,42,82,121,134,155,163,173],"illumination":[15],"conditions":[16],"essential":[18],"for":[19,85,106,151],"better":[20],"segmentation.":[23],"Even":[24],"though":[25],"skin-color":[28],"solutions":[30],"have":[31,169],"been":[32],"successfully":[33],"applied,":[34],"they":[35],"are":[36,43],"prone":[37],"false":[39],"not":[44],"able":[45],"cope":[47],"with":[48,166],"the":[49,103,124,137,144,171,176],"variety":[50],"of":[51,126,139,175],"across":[55],"ethnic.":[57],"Moreover,":[58],"existing":[59],"methods":[60,168],"require":[61],"high":[62],"computational":[63,114],"cost.":[64],"In":[65,93],"this":[66,142,152],"paper,":[67],"we":[68],"propose":[69],"a":[70,78,107,164],"novel":[71],"approach":[75,112],"combines":[77],"smoothed":[79],"2-D":[80],"histogram":[81],"Gaussian":[83],"model,":[84],"automatic":[86],"in":[90,132],"color":[91],"image(s).":[92],"our":[94,140],"approach,":[95],"an":[96],"eye":[97],"detector":[98],"used":[100],"refine":[102],"model":[105],"specific":[108],"person.":[109],"The":[110],"proposed":[111,177],"reduces":[113],"costs":[115],"as":[116],"no":[117],"training":[118],"required,":[120],"it":[122],"improves":[123],"accuracy":[125],"despite":[129],"wide":[130],"variation":[131],"ethnicity":[133],"illumination.":[135],"To":[136],"best":[138],"knowledge,":[141],"first":[145],"employ":[148],"fusion":[149],"strategy":[150],"purpose.":[153],"Qualitative":[154],"quantitative":[156],"results":[157],"on":[158],"three":[159],"standard":[160],"public":[161],"datasets":[162],"comparison":[165],"state-of-the-art":[167],"shown":[170],"effectiveness":[172],"robustness":[174],"approach.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
