{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2026338207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2011.2166777","title":"Performance of a Real-Time EtherCAT Master Under Linux","display_name":"Performance of a Real-Time EtherCAT Master Under Linux","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2026338207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2011.2166777","mag":"2026338207"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2011.2166777","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2011.2166777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070030660","display_name":"Marco Cereia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197604219","display_name":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02eq2w707","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197604219"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100607","display_name":"Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00n4jbh84","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100607","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Cereia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dellInformazione e delle Telecomunicazioni (IEIIT), National Research Council Italy, Torino, Italy","Ist. di Elet tronica e di Ing. delle'Inf. e delle Telecomun. (IEIIT), Nat. Res. Council of Italy, Torino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dellInformazione e delle Telecomunicazioni (IEIIT), National Research Council Italy, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100607","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ist. di Elet tronica e di Ing. delle'Inf. e delle Telecomun. (IEIIT), Nat. Res. Council of Italy, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197604219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059685216","display_name":"Ivan Cibrario Bertolotti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-9993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197604219","display_name":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02eq2w707","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197604219"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100607","display_name":"Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00n4jbh84","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100607","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Cibrario Bertolotti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dellInformazione e delle Telecomunicazioni (IEIIT), National Research Council Italy, Torino, Italy","Ist. di Elet tronica e di Ing. delle'Inf. e delle Telecomun. (IEIIT), Nat. Res. Council of Italy, Torino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dellInformazione e delle Telecomunicazioni (IEIIT), National Research Council Italy, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100607","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ist. di Elet tronica e di Ing. delle'Inf. e delle Telecomun. (IEIIT), Nat. Res. Council of Italy, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197604219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050248664","display_name":"Stefano Scanzio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7643-2342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197604219","display_name":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02eq2w707","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197604219"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100607","display_name":"Institute of Electronics, Computer and Telecommunication Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00n4jbh84","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100607","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Scanzio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dellInformazione e delle Telecomunicazioni (IEIIT), National Research Council Italy, Torino, Italy","Ist. di Elet tronica e di Ing. delle'Inf. e delle Telecomun. (IEIIT), Nat. Res. Council of Italy, Torino, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Elettronica e di Ingegneria dellInformazione e delle Telecomunicazioni (IEIIT), National Research Council Italy, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100607","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ist. di Elet tronica e di Ing. delle'Inf. e delle Telecomun. (IEIIT), Nat. Res. Council of Italy, Torino, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197604219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7938,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":69,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93913125,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"679","last_page":"687"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7692394256591797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.6156670451164246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.6153637170791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.5536355972290039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5035731196403503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-software","display_name":"Embedded software","score":0.43864476680755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.42795461416244507}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7692394256591797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6156670451164246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.6153637170791626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.5536355972290039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5035731196403503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154488198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335007","display_name":"Embedded software","level":3,"score":0.43864476680755615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.42795461416244507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tii.2011.2166777","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2011.2166777","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S184777250","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","issn_l":"1551-3203","issn":["1551-3203","1941-0050"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10404963","https://openalex.org/W141404642","https://openalex.org/W1515026142","https://openalex.org/W1589577411","https://openalex.org/W2017160841","https://openalex.org/W2097654096","https://openalex.org/W2099503301","https://openalex.org/W2113700918","https://openalex.org/W2116213060","https://openalex.org/W2120185390","https://openalex.org/W2133557862","https://openalex.org/W2144700238","https://openalex.org/W2144863881","https://openalex.org/W2145981955","https://openalex.org/W2146344029","https://openalex.org/W2146858393","https://openalex.org/W2147849689","https://openalex.org/W2149321250","https://openalex.org/W2156866054","https://openalex.org/W2161887742","https://openalex.org/W2163285965","https://openalex.org/W2170764938","https://openalex.org/W4256409538","https://openalex.org/W6600429232","https://openalex.org/W6630834570"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2160834655","https://openalex.org/W1862240612","https://openalex.org/W2401141119","https://openalex.org/W2046928991","https://openalex.org/W2381462255","https://openalex.org/W2375248064","https://openalex.org/W1605353610","https://openalex.org/W2140373800","https://openalex.org/W2162925013","https://openalex.org/W2348063302"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"adoption":[1],"of":[2,9,55,67,103,134],"open-source":[3,77],"operating":[4],"systems":[5,20],"for":[6,86,107,123,154,159],"the":[7,17,35,53,63,68,88,101,104,115,130,135,139],"execution":[8],"real-time":[10,56,84,132,152],"applications":[11],"is":[12,44,91,112,142],"gaining":[13],"popularity,":[14],"even":[15],"in":[16,157],"networked":[18],"control":[19],"domain,":[21],"due":[22],"to":[23,31,39,114],"cost":[24],"and":[25,48,62,150],"flexibility":[26],"reasons.":[27],"However,":[28],"as":[29],"opposed":[30],"their":[32],"commercial":[33],"counterparts,":[34],"actual":[36],"performance":[37],"level":[38],"be":[40],"expected":[41],"from":[42],"them":[43],"still":[45],"little":[46],"known":[47],"may":[49,127],"often":[50],"depend":[51],"on":[52,100,129],"kind":[54],"extension":[57,85,153],"being":[58],"used,":[59],"its":[60],"configuration,":[61],"overall":[64,131],"software":[65],"load":[66],"system,":[69],"including":[70],"best-effort":[71,121],"components.":[72],"In":[73],"this":[74],"paper,":[75],"an":[76],"EtherCAT":[78],"master":[79],"supported":[80],"by":[81],"a":[82,147],"popular":[83],"Linux,":[87],"RT":[89],"Patch,":[90],"thoroughly":[92],"evaluated":[93],"with":[94,145],"long-term":[95],"measurements,":[96],"which":[97],"build":[98],"confidence":[99],"suitability":[102],"proposed":[105,140],"approach":[106,141],"real-world":[108],"applications.":[109,161],"Special":[110],"attention":[111],"devoted":[113],"unexpected,":[116],"adverse":[117],"effect":[118],"that":[119],"some":[120],"components,":[122],"instance,":[124],"graphics":[125],"applications,":[126],"have":[128],"characteristics":[133],"system.":[136],"For":[137],"reference,":[138],"also":[143],"compared":[144],"RTAI,":[146],"more":[148],"traditional":[149],"well-known":[151],"Linux":[155],"already":[156],"use":[158],"demanding":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}