{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7165149620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2026.3705313","title":"Graph-Based Contrastive Learning and Clustering for Open-World Encrypted Traffic Classification","display_name":"Graph-Based Contrastive Learning and Clustering for Open-World Encrypted Traffic Classification","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7165149620","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2026.3705313"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2026.3705313","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2026.3705313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102093481","display_name":"Jigang Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7363-881X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121296143","display_name":"Hunan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9vrb24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jigang Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7363-881X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100430876","display_name":"Xi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3415-5345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121296143","display_name":"Hunan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9vrb24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3602-8500","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062119492","display_name":"Kun Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2163-2723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2163-2723","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101310689","display_name":"Yuxiang Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0126-3083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxiang Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronics Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronics Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057366605","display_name":"Kun Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8530-370X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088413262","display_name":"Yudian Ouyang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7110-2723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I173759888","display_name":"Hunan Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/053w1zy07","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I173759888"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3130607311","display_name":"Changsha Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sqk3z62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3130607311"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yudian Ouyang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7110-2723","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I173759888","https://openalex.org/I3130607311"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078519973","display_name":"Wei Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5074-1363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121296143","display_name":"Hunan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9vrb24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5074-1363","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77859335,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":null,"first_page":"6363","last_page":"6377"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.5257999897003174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.5257999897003174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.06960000097751617,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.06859999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.6812000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.4991999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.35830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-classification","display_name":"Statistical classification","score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.29660001397132874}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8582000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.6812000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.4991999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.35830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3368000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110083411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1744628","display_name":"Statistical classification","level":2,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.25519999861717224}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2026.3705313","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2026.3705313","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4609774649143219,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1279771480","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62472167","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1824600981","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024JJ3014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1828228267","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62402172","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5437684316","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U25B2038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5956705760","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2468205","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6028967678","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62321166652","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6985250576","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024JJ5165","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-06-19T00:00:00"}
