{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163061932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2026.3698588","title":"Parameter-Agnostic Privacy-Preserving Machine Unlearning for Large Language Models","display_name":"Parameter-Agnostic Privacy-Preserving Machine Unlearning for Large Language Models","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163061932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2026.3698588"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2026.3698588","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2026.3698588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090039254","display_name":"Lefeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7608-7910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lefeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7608-7910","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137597241","display_name":"Tianqing Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3411-7947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianqing Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3411-7947","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123707349","display_name":"Zihan Xie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145897649","display_name":"Minzu University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/0044e2g62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihan Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hainan International College, Minzu University of China, Lingshui, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hainan International College, Minzu University of China, Lingshui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145897649"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137537532","display_name":"Shang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137560606","display_name":"Binxing Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0305-2132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Binxing Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0305-2132","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137526912","display_name":"Wanlei Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-2521"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanlei Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-2521","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Data Science, City University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68382438,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":null,"first_page":"5374","last_page":"5387"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.6991999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.6991999745368958,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.057100001722574234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12535","display_name":"Machine Learning and Data Classification","score":0.03500000014901161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.38089999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.3619000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.34470000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.33649998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context-model","display_name":"Context model","score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.2840999960899353}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8508999943733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5422999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5067999958992004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.38089999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.3619000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.3481000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.34470000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.33649998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183322885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007702","display_name":"Context model","level":3,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2840999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179603123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941921","display_name":"Modeling language","level":3,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129792486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1050419","display_name":"Language identification","level":3,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983448237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1078276","display_name":"Language understanding","level":2,"score":0.25429999828338623}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2026.3698588","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2026.3698588","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.49274933338165283,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G273720549","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62402008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G838676478","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0131/2025/ITP2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315893","funder_display_name":"VNU Science and Technology Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315893","display_name":"VNU Science and Technology Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/044vr6g03"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"recent":[1],"years,":[2],"advancements":[3],"in":[4,16,97],"large":[5,55,194],"language":[6,56,195],"models":[7,49],"have":[8],"led":[9],"to":[10,38,140,188],"significant":[11],"innovation":[12],"and":[13,26,111,169,184],"critical":[14],"progress":[15],"AI.":[17],"However,":[18],"some":[19],"of":[20,92,108,123],"these":[21,103],"innovations":[22],"are":[23],"raising":[24],"privacy":[25,90,168],"security":[27],"concerns.":[28],"Machine":[29],"unlearning":[30,99,116,170,191],"has":[31,61,185],"therefore":[32],"emerged":[33],"as":[34],"a":[35,54],"potential":[36],"solution":[37,119],"mitigate":[39],"such":[40],"risks.":[41],"Yet,":[42],"while":[43],"erasing":[44],"data":[45,94],"records":[46],"from":[47,131],"traditional":[48],"is":[50,63,68,78,85,181],"relatively":[51],"straightforward,":[52],"making":[53],"model":[57,196],"\u201cforget\u201d":[58],"what":[59],"it":[60,77],"learned":[62],"often":[64],"very":[65],"challenging.":[66],"This":[67],"not":[69],"just":[70],"because":[71,80],"they":[72,83],"include":[73],"so":[74],"many":[75],"parameters,":[76],"also":[79,136],"the":[81,89,121,132,142,149,179,186],"knowledge":[82],"possess":[84],"intricately":[86],"entangled.":[87],"Further,":[88],"risk":[91],"unlearned":[93,143],"remains":[95],"neglected":[96],"most":[98],"solutions.":[100],"To":[101],"overcome":[102],"limitations,":[104],"we":[105],"took":[106],"advantage":[107],"information":[109,125,144],"retrieval":[110],"developed":[112],"an":[113],"efficient":[114],"privacy-preserving":[115],"mechanism.":[117],"Our":[118],"eliminates":[120],"impact":[122],"targeted":[124],"by":[126],"removing":[127],"high-risk":[128],"semantic":[129],"meanings":[130],"model\u2019s":[133],"output.":[134],"It":[135],"incorporates":[137],"differentially-private":[138],"randomization":[139],"make":[141],"statistically":[145],"indiscernible.":[146],"Most":[147],"importantly,":[148],"algorithm":[150],"requires":[151],"neither":[152],"parametric":[153],"fine-tuning":[154],"nor":[155],"in-context":[156],"prompt":[157],"calibration.":[158],"A":[159],"theoretical":[160],"analysis":[161],"demonstrates":[162],"that":[163,178],"this":[164],"method":[165,180],"satisfies":[166],"rigorous":[167],"guarantees.":[171],"Additionally,":[172],"experiments":[173],"on":[174],"real-world":[175],"datasets":[176],"prove":[177],"both":[182],"effective":[183],"capacity":[187],"handle":[189],"practical":[190],"tasks":[192],"for":[193],"applications.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-06T06:22:57.294733","created_date":"2026-06-02T00:00:00"}
