{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154179977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2026.3683276","title":"HENet: A Heterogeneous Encoding Network for General and Robust Adversarial Example Generation","display_name":"HENet: A Heterogeneous Encoding Network for General and Robust Adversarial Example Generation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154179977","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2026.3683276"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2026.3683276","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2026.3683276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063622836","display_name":"Jiawei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1745-7763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10535382","display_name":"Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/03dgaqz26","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1745-7763","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cyber Security and Information Law, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10535382"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100446035","display_name":"Hao Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6881-9977"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177388780","display_name":"Xuzhou Medical College","ror":"https://ror.org/04fe7hy80","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177388780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210124997","display_name":"Second People\u2019s Hospital of Huai\u2019an","ror":"https://ror.org/02sqxcg48","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210124997"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153869","display_name":"Huaiyin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0555ezg60","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Huai’an University, Huaian, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Software Engineering, Huai’an University, Huaian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177388780","https://openalex.org/I4210124997","https://openalex.org/I4210153869"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070440437","display_name":"Hao Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2324-2152"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["PLA Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2324-2152","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PLA Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2613-5451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security, and Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2613-5451","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security, and Guangdong Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy, Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102018721","display_name":"Xiangyang Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6062-2950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169689159","display_name":"PLA Information Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/00mm1qk40","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyang Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["PLA Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6062-2950","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"PLA Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169689159"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133517042","display_name":"Bin Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9030-7393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152269853","display_name":"Qilu University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04hyzq608","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9030-7393","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Computer Networks, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152269853"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133492382","display_name":"Jinwei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9366-5671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205237279","display_name":"Nankai University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y1kjr75","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinwei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cyber Security, Nankai University, Tianjin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9366-5671","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cyber Security, Nankai University, Tianjin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205237279"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.7964,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97641316,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":null,"first_page":"4005","last_page":"4020"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.7778000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.7778000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.1467999964952469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.009399999864399433,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.6636000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.6424999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm-design","display_name":"Algorithm design","score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-mail","display_name":"Electronic mail","score":0.28519999980926514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8471999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.6636000275611877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.6424999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.38040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.329800009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.304500013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020028006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9158","display_name":"Electronic mail","level":2,"score":0.28519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.2831000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51675839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665681","display_name":"Intelligent Network","level":2,"score":0.2547999918460846}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2026.3683276","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2026.3683276","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1629255802","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24B20179","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2090778414","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371145","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3453920714","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62221005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G364581631","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62302248","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3936245613","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272255","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4297946667","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2096","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7142034960","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23B2022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7730789076","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"QCL20250203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7817342302","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23A20305","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8958679979","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62472229","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Generator-based":[0],"adversarial":[1,17,98],"attack":[2,39,48,71,99,137,184],"methods":[3,34],"aim":[4],"to":[5,29,57,93,111,163],"fool":[6],"deep":[7],"neural":[8],"networks":[9],"(DNNs)":[10],"by":[11],"training":[12],"a":[13,83,95,129,151,182],"generator":[14],"for":[15,61,193],"crafting":[16],"examples":[18],"(AEs).":[19],"However,":[20],"as":[21],"DNNs":[22],"evolve":[23],"from":[24],"Convolutional":[25],"Neural":[26],"Networks":[27],"(CNNs)":[28],"Transformers,":[30,121],"the":[31,52,70,75,113,124,142,165,168,178],"existing":[32],"generator-based":[33,97],"can":[35],"hardly":[36],"achieve":[37],"satisfactory":[38],"performance":[40],"against":[41,144],"different":[42],"target":[43,195],"model":[44,87],"architectures":[45,197],"in":[46,171],"semi-whitebox":[47],"scenarios.":[49,203],"In":[50],"addition,":[51],"generated":[53],"AEs":[54],"are":[55],"susceptible":[56],"various":[58,194],"distortions":[59],"(especially":[60],"JPEG":[62,145,154],"compression":[63],"with":[64],"low":[65],"quality":[66],"factors),":[67],"which":[68,122,157],"deteriorate":[69],"ability":[72],"and":[73,115,120,133,149,190,201],"increase":[74],"unreliability.":[76],"To":[77,139],"address":[78],"these":[79],"issues,":[80],"we":[81,147],"propose":[82],"dual-branch":[84],"guided":[85],"generative":[86],"called":[88],"Heterogeneous":[89],"Encoding":[90],"Network":[91],"(HENet)":[92],"form":[94],"robust":[96],"framework.":[100],"Specifically,":[101],"our":[102],"HENet":[103],"introduces":[104,158],"an":[105,159],"Adaptive":[106],"Feature":[107],"Fusion":[108],"Module":[109],"(AFFM)":[110],"solve":[112],"dimensions":[114],"representativeness":[116],"contradictions":[117],"between":[118],"CNNs":[119],"steers":[123],"perturbation":[125,188],"generation":[126],"based":[127],"on":[128],"richer":[130],"latent":[131],"space":[132],"achieves":[134,181],"better":[135,183],"general":[136],"ability.":[138],"further":[140],"improve":[141],"robustness":[143,192],"compression,":[146],"design":[148],"integrate":[150],"Dynamic":[152],"Differentiable":[153],"Simulator":[155],"(DDJS),":[156],"adaptive":[160],"quantization":[161],"mask":[162],"determine":[164],"flow":[166],"of":[167],"gradient":[169],"backpropagation":[170],"each":[172],"frequency":[173],"position.":[174],"Extensive":[175],"experiments":[176],"prove":[177],"proposed":[179],"method":[180],"success":[185],"rate,":[186],"lower":[187],"magnitude,":[189],"higher":[191],"network":[196],"under":[198],"compressed,":[199],"distorted,":[200],"lossless":[202],"Our":[204],"codes":[205],"will":[206],"be":[207],"made":[208],"publicly":[209],"available.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2026-04-14T00:00:00"}