{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7143528398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2026.3679189","title":"Rethinking Frequency Modeling: Tail-Aware Dynamic Adversarial Training for Long-Tailed Robustness","display_name":"Rethinking Frequency Modeling: Tail-Aware Dynamic Adversarial Training for Long-Tailed Robustness","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7143528398","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2026.3679189"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2026.3679189","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2026.3679189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061961316","display_name":"Chengze Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1681-8128"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengze Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1681-8128","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130947177","display_name":"Minjing Dong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minjing Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1717-818X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100700255","display_name":"Zhuangzhuang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7034-9871"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuangzhuang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0454-613X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130943879","display_name":"Jie Gui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Gui","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9450-1759","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ju Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6894-1331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ju Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6894-1331","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130928970","display_name":"Yuan Yan Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Yan Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6887-130X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, University of Macau, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070273088","display_name":"James T. Kwok","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4828-8248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","display_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q4vv597","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James Tin-Yau Kwok","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4828-8248","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.45697777,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":null,"first_page":"4190","last_page":"4204"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.7626000046730042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.7626000046730042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.025800000876188278,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.01679999940097332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6836000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.5073999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.40209999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm-design","display_name":"Algorithm design","score":0.274399995803833}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6836000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5095000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.5073999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.40209999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3723999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020028006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9158","display_name":"Electronic mail","level":2,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2026.3679189","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2026.3679189","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3070022028","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172090","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Adversarial":[0,110],"training":[1,120,142,187],"(AT)":[2],"is":[3,67,223],"among":[4],"the":[5,81,119,192],"most":[6],"effective":[7],"defenses":[8],"against":[9],"adversarial":[10,72,135,207],"attacks":[11],"on":[12,161,198,226],"deep":[13],"neural":[14],"networks.":[15],"However,":[16],"in":[17,35],"real-world":[18],"scenarios":[19],"where":[20],"data":[21,129],"often":[22],"follow":[23],"long-tailed":[24,90,138,199],"distributions,":[25],"conventional":[26],"AT":[27,88],"methods":[28],"struggle":[29],"to":[30,49,149,215],"handle":[31],"such":[32],"imbalance,":[33],"resulting":[34],"severe":[36],"robustness":[37,51,136,173,216],"disparities":[38],"across":[39,195],"classes":[40,98],"and":[41,124,131,146,175,186,212],"limited":[42,100],"overall":[43],"robustness.":[44],"Although":[45],"recent":[46],"efforts":[47],"attempt":[48],"improve":[50],"through":[52],"class":[53,64],"frequency-aware":[54],"weighting":[55],"or":[56],"distribution":[57],"adjustments,":[58],"our":[59,141,156,180,203],"empirical":[60],"analysis":[61],"reveals":[62],"that":[63,202],"frequency":[65],"alone":[66],"an":[68],"insufficient":[69],"indicator":[70],"of":[71,83],"vulnerability,":[73,163],"as":[74],"robust":[75,165,184],"accuracy":[76],"does":[77],"not":[78],"correlate":[79],"with":[80,99],"number":[82],"examples":[84],"per":[85],"class.":[86],"Furthermore,":[87],"under":[89,137,218],"distributions":[91],"exhibits":[92],"optimization":[93],"instability,":[94],"particularly":[95],"for":[96,152],"tail":[97],"data.":[101],"To":[102],"address":[103],"these":[104],"challenges,":[105],"we":[106],"present":[107],"Tail-Aware":[108],"Dynamic":[109],"Training":[111],"(TAD-AT),":[112],"which":[113],"integrates":[114],"three":[115],"complementary":[116],"components":[117],"targeting":[118],"loss,":[121],"attack":[122,157],"strategy,":[123],"weight":[125,181],"average.":[126],"TAD-AT":[127,204],"captures":[128],"imbalance":[130],"performance":[132],"disparity,":[133],"improving":[134,176],"distributions.":[139,220],"First,":[140],"loss":[143],"incorporates":[144],"frequency-":[145],"accuracy-aware":[147],"regularization":[148],"emphasize":[150],"learning":[151,167],"vulnerable":[153,169],"classes.":[154,196],"Second,":[155],"adjusts":[158],"perturbations":[159],"based":[160],"class-wise":[162],"encouraging":[164],"feature":[166],"around":[168],"regions,":[170],"thereby":[171],"mitigating":[172],"overfitting":[174],"clean":[177],"accuracy.":[178],"Third,":[179],"average":[182],"improves":[183,206],"generalization":[185],"stability":[188],"by":[189],"adaptively":[190],"controlling":[191],"decay":[193],"rate":[194],"Experiments":[197],"benchmarks":[200],"demonstrate":[201],"significantly":[205],"robustness,":[208],"offering":[209],"a":[210],"systematic":[211],"practical":[213],"solution":[214],"challenges":[217],"long-tail":[219],"Our":[221],"code":[222],"publicly":[224],"available":[225],"https://github.com/bookman233/TADAT.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-03-31T00:00:00"}