{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7130558731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2026.3666296","title":"Model Hijacking Attack in Federated Learning","display_name":"Model Hijacking Attack in Federated Learning","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7130558731","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2026.3666296"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2026.3666296","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2026.3666296","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126402711","display_name":"Zheng Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210132990","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Cryptology","ror":"https://ror.org/02pn5rj08","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132990"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, the State Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Digital Economy Security, and Shandong Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Security, Shandong University, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4466-7523","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, the State Key Laboratory of Cryptography and Digital Economy Security, and Shandong Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Security, Shandong University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210132990"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126364106","display_name":"Siyuan Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siyuan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trusted Computing and Information Assurance Laboratory, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0867-6308","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trusted Computing and Information Assurance Laboratory, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125558839","display_name":"Ruichuan Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738502077","display_name":"Nokia (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/04pkc8m17","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruichuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs, Stuttgart, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-5060-8411","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Stuttgart, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110465306","display_name":"Paarijaat Aditya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738502077","display_name":"Nokia (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/04pkc8m17","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paarijaat Aditya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs, Stuttgart, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3431-8194","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Stuttgart, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090968712","display_name":"\u0130stemi Ekin Akku\u015f","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738502077","display_name":"Nokia (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/04pkc8m17","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Istemi Ekin Akkus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs, Stuttgart, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Stuttgart, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001555166","display_name":"Manohar Vanga","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2738502077","display_name":"Nokia (Finland)","ror":"https://ror.org/04pkc8m17","country_code":"FI","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manohar Vanga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs, Stuttgart, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Stuttgart, Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114833171","display_name":"Min Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4415-3676"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trusted Computing and Information Assurance Laboratory, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4415-3676","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trusted Computing and Information Assurance Laboratory, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126427302","display_name":"Hao Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128818","display_name":"Institute of Software","ror":"https://ror.org/033dfsn42","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Trusted Computing and Information Assurance Laboratory, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3815-6221","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Trusted Computing and Information Assurance Laboratory, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210128818"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126367354","display_name":"Yang Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210128801","display_name":"Helmholtz Center for Information Security","ror":"https://ror.org/02njgxr09","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I4210128801"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security, Saarbr&#xFC;cken, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3612-7348","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security, Saarbr&#xFC;cken, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210128801"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17950299,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":null,"first_page":"2373","last_page":"2388"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.8676000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.8676000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.09459999948740005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.006000000052154064,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversary","display_name":"Adversary","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/federated-learning","display_name":"Federated learning","score":0.6793000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6644999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.49380001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.46860000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3174999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9168000221252441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992525071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50818671","display_name":"Federated learning","level":2,"score":0.6793000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6644999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5733000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.49380001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.46860000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3375000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3174999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.3127000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779965156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227350","display_name":"Data sharing","level":3,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65856478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3991682","display_name":"Attack model","level":2,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.25859999656677246}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2026.3666296","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2026.3666296","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324174","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W114517082","https://openalex.org/W2180612164","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2572504188","https://openalex.org/W2603766943","https://openalex.org/W2607219512","https://openalex.org/W2753783305","https://openalex.org/W2883780447","https://openalex.org/W2962763344","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W3043758338","https://openalex.org/W3213814821","https://openalex.org/W4312869277"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Machine":[0],"learning":[1,84],"(ML),":[2],"driven":[3],"by":[4,28],"prominent":[5],"paradigms":[6],"such":[7],"as":[8,202],"centralized":[9,69],"and":[10,56,205,229],"federated":[11,83,110],"learning,":[12,111],"has":[13,25,36,65],"made":[14],"significant":[15],"progress":[16],"in":[17,109,177],"various":[18,29],"critical":[19],"applications.":[20],"However,":[21],"its":[22,131,227,235],"remarkable":[23],"success":[24],"been":[26],"accompanied":[27],"attacks.":[30],"Recently,":[31],"the":[32,76,82,101,106,119,135,153,174,178,183,186,192,196,223],"model":[33,93,108,121,166,198],"hijacking":[34,103,128,171,184,193],"attack":[35,64,80,104],"shown":[37],"that":[38,147,225],"ML":[39],"models":[40],"can":[41],"be":[42],"hijacked":[43],"to":[44,81,117,122,151,169,191,199,233],"execute":[45],"tasks":[46],"different":[47,125],"from":[48,130],"their":[49,96,164],"original":[50,132,175,203],"tasks,":[51],"which":[52],"increases":[53],"both":[54],"accountability":[55],"parasitic":[57],"computational":[58],"risks.":[59],"Nevertheless,":[60],"thus":[61],"far,":[62],"this":[63,72,79],"only":[66],"focused":[67],"on":[68,163],"learning.":[70],"In":[71],"work,":[73],"we":[74,99],"broaden":[75],"scope":[77],"of":[78],"domain,":[85],"where":[86],"multiple":[87],"clients":[88],"collaboratively":[89],"train":[90],"a":[91,124],"global":[92,107,120,197],"without":[94,134],"sharing":[95],"data.":[97],"Specifically,":[98],"present":[100],"first-of-its-kind":[102],"against":[105],"namely":[112],"HijackFL.":[113],"The":[114],"adversary":[115,187],"aims":[116],"force":[118],"perform":[123],"task":[126,133],"(called":[127],"task)":[129],"server":[136],"or":[137],"benign":[138],"client":[139],"noticing.":[140],"To":[141],"accomplish":[142],"this,":[143],"unlike":[144],"existing":[145],"methods":[146],"use":[148],"data":[149],"poisoning":[150],"modify":[152],"target":[154],"model\u2019s":[155],"parameters,":[156],"HijackFL":[157,212],"searches":[158],"for":[159],"pixel-level":[160],"perturbations":[161,190],"based":[162],"local":[165],"(without":[167],"modifications)":[168],"align":[170],"samples":[172],"with":[173],"ones":[176,204],"feature":[179],"space.":[180],"When":[181],"performing":[182],"task,":[185],"applies":[188],"these":[189],"samples,":[194],"compelling":[195],"identify":[200],"them":[201,207],"predict":[206],"accordingly.":[208],"Extensive":[209],"experiments":[210],"demonstrate":[211],"significantly":[213],"outperforms":[214],"baselines,":[215],"e.g.,":[216],"92.75%":[217],"vs.":[218],"10%.":[219],"We":[220],"further":[221],"investigate":[222],"factors":[224],"affect":[226],"performance":[228],"discuss":[230],"possible":[231],"defenses":[232],"mitigate":[234],"impact.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-12T21:12:35.861297","created_date":"2026-02-20T00:00:00"}
