{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124874101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2026.3655191","title":"Physical Layer Challenge-Response Authentication Between Ambient Backscatter Devices","display_name":"Physical Layer Challenge-Response Authentication Between Ambient Backscatter Devices","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124874101","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2026.3655191"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2026.3655191","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2026.3655191","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2026.3655191","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043959244","display_name":"Yifan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9314-7532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9314-7532","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090201055","display_name":"Yongchao Dang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8998-8024"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongchao Dang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8998-8024","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123413011","display_name":"Masoud Kaveh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masoud Kaveh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0752-8054","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109303868","display_name":"Zheng Yan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of ISN, School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9697-2108","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of ISN, School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Riku J\u00e4ntti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5398-2381"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","display_name":"Aalto University","ror":"https://ror.org/020hwjq30","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riku J\u00e4ntti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5398-2381","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information and Communications Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123173232","display_name":"Zhu Han","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-5822","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.828,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90375446,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":null,"first_page":"1512","last_page":"1527"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.6937999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.6937999725341797,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.10239999741315842,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.08889999985694885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.7598000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6111999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscatter","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","score":0.5479000210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5284000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.512499988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.46790000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.38370001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.3716000020503998}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8223000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.7598000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6111999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30354325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204667","display_name":"Backscatter (email)","level":3,"score":0.5479000210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5284000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.512499988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.46790000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4607999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.38370001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.3716000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.34369999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.3203999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168406668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178022","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","level":3,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.2838999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776946656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1655812","display_name":"Wireless security","level":4,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150817343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875932","display_name":"Digital watermarking","level":3,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777076873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2291875","display_name":"Virtual channel","level":3,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2026.3655191","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2026.3655191","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aaltodoc.aalto.fi:123456789/143079","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2026.3655191","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401663","display_name":"Aaltodoc (Aalto University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I9927081","host_organization_name":"Aalto University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9927081"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2026.3655191","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2026.3655191","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2152438604","display_name":"Secure Wireless Powered Backscatter Communication for IoT","funder_award_id":"345072","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4238776885","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"345072","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7509290576","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"350464","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","funder_display_name":"Academy of Finland"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321108","display_name":"Academy of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/05k73zm37"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965515427","https://openalex.org/W1977801586","https://openalex.org/W1996158400","https://openalex.org/W2001427138","https://openalex.org/W2024565592","https://openalex.org/W2029693536","https://openalex.org/W2080611336","https://openalex.org/W2100459091","https://openalex.org/W2102527879","https://openalex.org/W2139274667","https://openalex.org/W2149191412","https://openalex.org/W2149736837","https://openalex.org/W2153281696","https://openalex.org/W2283429465","https://openalex.org/W2334995621","https://openalex.org/W2397370021","https://openalex.org/W2570516435","https://openalex.org/W2907773246","https://openalex.org/W2919076405","https://openalex.org/W2963907541","https://openalex.org/W3003450887","https://openalex.org/W3005943402","https://openalex.org/W3033505434","https://openalex.org/W3211681359","https://openalex.org/W4242781462","https://openalex.org/W4256624651","https://openalex.org/W4283209157","https://openalex.org/W4289538107","https://openalex.org/W4312470089","https://openalex.org/W4321021465","https://openalex.org/W4385267189","https://openalex.org/W4387869759","https://openalex.org/W4402159093","https://openalex.org/W4402570339","https://openalex.org/W4402834637","https://openalex.org/W4403094987","https://openalex.org/W4412623630"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ambient":[0],"backscatter":[1,45,106],"communication":[2],"(AmBC)":[3],"has":[4],"become":[5],"an":[6],"integral":[7],"part":[8],"of":[9,12,183],"ubiquitous":[10],"Internet":[11],"Things":[13],"(IoT)":[14],"applications":[15],"due":[16,48],"to":[17,33,49,111,138,179,224],"its":[18,190,202],"energy-harvesting":[19],"capabilities":[20],"and":[21,36,79,84,98,159,196,220],"ultra-low-":[22],"power":[23],"consumption.":[24],"However,":[25],"the":[26,152,166,175,181],"open":[27],"wireless":[28,85,218],"environment":[29],"exposes":[30],"AmBC":[31,71],"systems":[32],"various":[34],"attacks,":[35,219],"existing":[37],"authentication":[38,66,134,167,209,226],"methods":[39],"cannot":[40],"be":[41],"implemented":[42],"between":[43,68,143],"resource-constrained":[44,205],"devices":[46],"(BDs)":[47],"their":[50],"high":[51,77,208],"computational":[52],"demands.":[53],"To":[54],"this":[55,57],"end,":[56],"paper":[58],"proposes":[59],"PLCRA-BD,":[60],"a":[61,100,132,156],"novel":[62],"physical":[63,92],"layer":[64,93],"challenge-response":[65,133],"scheme":[67],"BDs":[69,146],"in":[70,122,204],"that":[72,103],"overcomes":[73],"BDs\u2019":[74,105],"limitations,":[75],"supports":[76],"mobility,":[78],"performs":[80],"robustly":[81],"against":[82,192,216],"impersonation":[83],"attacks.":[86,198],"It":[87],"constructs":[88],"embedded":[89],"keys":[90],"as":[91],"fingerprints":[94],"for":[95,169],"lightweight":[96],"identification":[97],"designs":[99],"joint":[101],"transceiver":[102],"integrates":[104],"waveform":[107],"with":[108],"receiver":[109],"functionality":[110],"mitigate":[112],"interference":[113],"from":[114],"ambient":[115],"RF":[116],"signals":[117],"by":[118],"exploiting":[119],"repeated":[120],"patterns":[121],"orthogonal":[123],"frequency":[124],"division":[125],"multiplexing":[126],"(OFDM)":[127],"symbols.":[128],"Based":[129],"on":[130],"this,":[131],"procedure":[135,168],"is":[136],"introduced":[137],"enable":[139],"low-complexity":[140],"fingerprint":[141],"exchange":[142,153],"two":[144],"paired":[145],"leveraging":[147],"channel":[148,161,176,185,213],"coherence,":[149],"while":[150],"securing":[151],"process":[154],"using":[155],"random":[157],"number":[158],"unpredictable":[160],"fading.":[162],"Additionally,":[163],"we":[164],"optimize":[165],"high-mobility":[170],"scenarios,":[171],"completing":[172],"exchanges":[173],"within":[174],"coherence":[177],"time":[178],"minimize":[180],"impact":[182],"dynamic":[184],"fluctuations.":[186],"Security":[187],"analysis":[188],"confirms":[189],"resistance":[191],"impersonation,":[193],"eavesdropping,":[194],"replay,":[195],"counterfeiting":[197],"Extensive":[199],"simulations":[200],"validate":[201],"effectiveness":[203],"BDs,":[206],"demonstrating":[207],"accuracy":[210],"across":[211],"diverse":[212],"conditions,":[214],"robustness":[215],"multiple":[217],"superior":[221],"efficiency":[222],"compared":[223],"traditional":[225],"schemes.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-02-03T00:53:05.648605","created_date":"2026-01-21T00:00:00"}