{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416707444","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3637696","title":"Graphing the Truth: Harnessing Causal Insights for Advanced Multimodal Fake News Detection","display_name":"Graphing the Truth: Harnessing Causal Insights for Advanced Multimodal Fake News Detection","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416707444","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3637696"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2025.3637696","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3637696","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113423049","display_name":"Zihan Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2696-4943"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihan Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi&#x27;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2696-4943","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi&#x27;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013911439","display_name":"Minnan Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0140-7860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minnan Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi&#x27;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0140-7860","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi&#x27;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102865401","display_name":"Zhi Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8864-8412"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhi Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi&#x27;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8864-8412","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi&#x27;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057295387","display_name":"Herun Wan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3294-3383"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Herun Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi&#x27;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3294-3383","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi&#x27;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104159431","display_name":"Yifei Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6854-6514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifei Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi&#x27;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6854-6514","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Xi&#x27;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014937762","display_name":"Xiang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6339-0219"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111149068","display_name":"National Defense University","ror":"https://ror.org/01nqk4x38","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111149068"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Communication Content Cognition, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","Professor, National University of Defense Technology, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6339-0219","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Communication Content Cognition, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, National University of Defense Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111149068","https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8262,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9530124,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":"12934","last_page":"12949"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spurious-relationship","display_name":"Spurious relationship","score":0.8052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overfitting","display_name":"Overfitting","score":0.6615999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5856000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dice","display_name":"Dice","score":0.5648999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fake-news","display_name":"Fake news","score":0.44179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-neural-networks","display_name":"Deep neural networks","score":0.438400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.41769999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.4115000069141388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8511999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.8052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22019652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q331309","display_name":"Overfitting","level":3,"score":0.6615999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5856000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22029948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45089","display_name":"Dice","level":2,"score":0.5648999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5177000164985657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.45329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779756789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28549308","display_name":"Fake news","level":2,"score":0.44179999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.438400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.41769999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.4115000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.3749000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187191949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138496","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.3043000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132459708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744069","display_name":"Extrapolation","level":2,"score":0.295199990272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.2904999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.2870999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171686336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3532085","display_name":"Topic model","level":2,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.27639999985694885}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2025.3637696","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3637696","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4303215675","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62192781","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4985986209","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272374","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8953878995","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024JC-JCQN-62","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327721","display_name":"K. C. Wong Education Foundation","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2143891888","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2737907513","https://openalex.org/W2766462585","https://openalex.org/W2809476703","https://openalex.org/W2896457183","https://openalex.org/W2912305564","https://openalex.org/W2979826702","https://openalex.org/W2983067441","https://openalex.org/W2994071599","https://openalex.org/W3016970897","https://openalex.org/W3022924198","https://openalex.org/W3035512383","https://openalex.org/W3091588028","https://openalex.org/W3104591237","https://openalex.org/W3156558703","https://openalex.org/W3176713826","https://openalex.org/W3183048323","https://openalex.org/W3195314408","https://openalex.org/W3197618246","https://openalex.org/W3201124874","https://openalex.org/W3209650911","https://openalex.org/W3210022786","https://openalex.org/W3217318162","https://openalex.org/W4200048988","https://openalex.org/W4206512241","https://openalex.org/W4213370678","https://openalex.org/W4224316507","https://openalex.org/W4224324956","https://openalex.org/W4288079542","https://openalex.org/W4312516176","https://openalex.org/W4317505581","https://openalex.org/W4319299936","https://openalex.org/W4319983294","https://openalex.org/W4327973056","https://openalex.org/W4382202522","https://openalex.org/W4382239959","https://openalex.org/W4385570228","https://openalex.org/W4385571026","https://openalex.org/W4385734256","https://openalex.org/W4386159799","https://openalex.org/W4387250121","https://openalex.org/W4387805919","https://openalex.org/W4388505125","https://openalex.org/W4393147144","https://openalex.org/W4393153284","https://openalex.org/W4393158655","https://openalex.org/W4393160040","https://openalex.org/W4393256667","https://openalex.org/W4395069578","https://openalex.org/W4399672772","https://openalex.org/W4399990193","https://openalex.org/W4402671673","https://openalex.org/W4403791512","https://openalex.org/W4405490916","https://openalex.org/W4406070280","https://openalex.org/W4406237488","https://openalex.org/W4408059081","https://openalex.org/W4413922036"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fake":[0],"news":[1,14,28,77,88,115,184,195,212],"data,":[2],"often":[3],"sampled":[4],"from":[5,57,136],"the":[6,11,73],"same":[7],"communities,":[8],"results":[9],"in":[10,79,209],"veracity":[12,143],"of":[13,75],"being":[15],"highly":[16],"correlated":[17],"with":[18],"certain":[19],"textual":[20],"and":[21,47,60,71,124,131,142,160,169],"visual":[22],"entities.":[23],"This":[24],"correlation":[25],"leads":[26],"fake":[27,76,87,183,194,211],"classification":[29],"models":[30],"to":[31,34,128,165,204],"be":[32],"prone":[33],"shortcut":[35],"learning,":[36],"quickly":[37],"overfitting":[38],"by":[39],"capturing":[40],"only":[41],"shallow":[42],"spurious":[43,137],"correlations":[44,103,138],"between":[45,139],"labels":[46],"features.":[48],"Consequently,":[49],"neural":[50,119],"networks":[51],"trained":[52],"on":[53,106,180,190],"such":[54],"data":[55],"suffer":[56],"poor":[58],"generalization":[59],"potential":[61,203],"misclassification":[62],"under":[63],"distribution":[64],"shifts.":[65],"To":[66,145],"address":[67],"these":[68],"critical":[69],"challenges":[70],"enhance":[72],"robustness":[74],"detection,":[78],"this":[80,147],"paper,":[81],"we":[82,150],"propose":[83],"a":[84,94,117,152,191,206],"DIsentanglement-based":[85],"Causality-awarE":[86],"detection":[89,185],"method":[90],"(DICE).":[91],"DICE":[92,111,176],"introduces":[93],"novel":[95,153],"paradigm":[96,208],"that":[97,156,175],"moves":[98],"beyond":[99],"merely":[100],"mitigating":[101],"known":[102],"or":[104],"relying":[105],"predefined":[107],"bias":[108],"categories.":[109],"Specifically,":[110],"dynamically":[112],"constructs":[113],"multimodal":[114,140],"into":[116],"graph":[118],"network,":[120],"employing":[121],"learnable":[122],"node":[123],"edge":[125],"mask":[126],"disentanglers":[127],"effectively":[129],"model":[130],"separate":[132],"genuine":[133],"causal":[134,168,210],"relationships":[135],"features":[141],"labels.":[144],"reinforce":[146],"disentanglement":[148],"process,":[149],"design":[151],"optimization":[154],"framework":[155],"minimizes":[157],"extrapolation":[158],"risk":[159],"enforces":[161],"representation":[162],"orthogonality,":[163],"leading":[164],"robust":[166],"disentangled":[167],"biased":[170,193],"representations.":[171],"Extensive":[172],"experiments":[173],"demonstrate":[174],"achieves":[177],"superior":[178],"performance":[179],"five":[181],"large-scale":[182],"benchmarks.":[186],"Additionally,":[187],"our":[188],"evaluation":[189],"heavily":[192],"dataset":[196],"demonstrates":[197],"DICE\u2019s":[198],"strong":[199],"generalization,":[200],"suggesting":[201],"its":[202],"inform":[205],"new":[207],"detection.":[213],"The":[214],"code":[215],"repo":[216],"is":[217],"available:":[218],"https://github.com/mazihan880/DICE":[219],"Code/.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-11-27T00:00:00"}
