{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7106318012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3636059","title":"TockCuckoo: Two-Phase BFT With Linearity and Responsiveness","display_name":"TockCuckoo: Two-Phase BFT With Linearity and Responsiveness","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7106318012","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3636059"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2025.3636059","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3636059","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Minghang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0952-3760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0952-3760","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qianhong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6407-4194"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qianhong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6407-4194","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yupeng Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yupeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhipeng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1089-1583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhipeng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1089-1583","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Manchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Bo Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9548-8306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78988378","display_name":"Renmin University of China","ror":"https://ror.org/041pakw92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Brain, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9548-8306","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Brain, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78988378"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xuecheng Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuecheng Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Willy Susilo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1562-5105"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","display_name":"University of Wollongong","ror":"https://ror.org/00jtmb277","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Willy Susilo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1562-5105","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5197199,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":"13173","last_page":"13188"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9865000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12127","display_name":"Software System Performance and Reliability","score":0.008200000040233135,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commit","display_name":"Commit","score":0.7603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voting","display_name":"Voting","score":0.5264000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5256999731063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5015000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.4478999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communication-complexity","display_name":"Communication complexity","score":0.42410001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.39730000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.3926999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.3856000006198883}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8224999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19776675","display_name":"Commit","level":2,"score":0.7603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.5264000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5256999731063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5048999786376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5015000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.4478999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4323999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179145077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5154130","display_name":"Communication complexity","level":2,"score":0.42410001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.39730000495910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.3926999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3856000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.3682999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168021876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353446","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.3594000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77170095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753188","display_name":"Linearity","level":2,"score":0.34220001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.3294999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.3077000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.2919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46637626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6693015","display_name":"Low latency (capital markets)","level":2,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C311688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Time complexity","level":2,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12269588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132364","display_name":"Communications protocol","level":2,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90806461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1144416","display_name":"Propagation delay","level":2,"score":0.2703999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020028006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9158","display_name":"Electronic mail","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.26249998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53480672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424189","display_name":"Leader election","level":2,"score":0.25440001487731934}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2025.3636059","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3636059","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46255943179130554,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2079473452","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24B20144","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3948800021","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025C01084","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F8142712028","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4154949110","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U21A20467","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4397995466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272464","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7193232929","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62572038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F8142712028","display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1836078613","https://openalex.org/W2003214215","https://openalex.org/W2015781492","https://openalex.org/W2025142762","https://openalex.org/W2034791526","https://openalex.org/W2035362408","https://openalex.org/W2039164882","https://openalex.org/W2077963568","https://openalex.org/W2080288192","https://openalex.org/W2114579022","https://openalex.org/W2139359217","https://openalex.org/W2142849519","https://openalex.org/W2152465173","https://openalex.org/W2294404229","https://openalex.org/W2534313446","https://openalex.org/W2569772192","https://openalex.org/W2794717484","https://openalex.org/W2890933237","https://openalex.org/W2963873436","https://openalex.org/W2964159515","https://openalex.org/W2969395421","https://openalex.org/W3015234426","https://openalex.org/W3096691500","https://openalex.org/W3137220996","https://openalex.org/W3153702261","https://openalex.org/W3185672164","https://openalex.org/W4220853208","https://openalex.org/W4226245226","https://openalex.org/W4287848954","https://openalex.org/W4307837981","https://openalex.org/W4308380996","https://openalex.org/W4308391463","https://openalex.org/W4308391550","https://openalex.org/W4308643124","https://openalex.org/W4312291011","https://openalex.org/W4312724280","https://openalex.org/W4377971770","https://openalex.org/W4380874342","https://openalex.org/W4386174973","https://openalex.org/W4388857007","https://openalex.org/W4388858534","https://openalex.org/W4394923356","https://openalex.org/W4399375744","https://openalex.org/W4400909999","https://openalex.org/W4411403263"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"is":[1,94],"critical":[2],"to":[3,51,59,210,226,229,243],"achieve":[4,60],"the":[5,34,81,102,116,124,204],"following":[6],"objectives":[7],"in":[8,88,156,176,215],"partially":[9],"synchronous":[10],"Byzantine":[11],"Fault":[12],"Tolerance":[13],"(BFT)":[14],"protocols:":[15],"(1)":[16],"two-phase":[17,73],"commit":[18,222],"regime,":[19],"(2)":[20],"standard":[21],"optimistic":[22],"responsiveness,":[23],"and":[24,46,133,235],"(3)":[25],"linear":[26,170,179],"communication":[27,171,180],"complexity.":[28],"These":[29],"three":[30,83],"properties":[31],"significantly":[32],"affect":[33],"efficiency":[35],"of":[36,41,64,107,159,189,207,241],"BFT":[37,74,92],"protocols.":[38],"A":[39,85],"number":[40],"attempts,":[42],"such":[43],"as":[44],"HotStuff":[45,230],"Tendermint,":[47],"have":[48],"been":[49],"made":[50],"solve":[52],"this":[53,68,120],"problem,":[54],"but":[55],"they":[56],"typically":[57],"manage":[58],"only":[61,169],"a":[62,72,97,193,238],"subset":[63],"these":[65],"properties.":[66,84],"In":[67],"work,":[69],"we":[70,122,184],"propose":[71],"protocol":[75],"called":[76],"TockCuckoo":[77,154,177,220],"that":[78],"fully":[79],"achieves":[80,237],"aforementioned":[82],"primary":[86],"challenge":[87],"<italic":[89],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[90],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">two-phase</i>":[91],"protocols":[93],"HiddenLock:":[95],"when":[96],"leader":[98,142],"lacks":[99],"visibility":[100],"into":[101],"latest":[103],"locked":[104],"block":[105,200],"states":[106],"honest":[108,141],"replicas,":[109],"it":[110],"cannot":[111],"safely":[112],"proceed,":[113],"potentially":[114],"stalling":[115],"protocol.":[117],"To":[118],"address":[119],"issue,":[121],"introduce":[123,185],"proactive":[125,149,160,165],"voting":[126,166],"paradigm,":[127],"which":[128,173],"explicitly":[129],"distinguishes":[130],"between":[131],"rejection":[132],"non-receipt":[134],"states.":[135],"After":[136],"global":[137],"stable":[138],"time,":[139],"an":[140,187],"can":[143],"always":[144],"collect":[145],"sufficient":[146],"votes":[147],"through":[148],"voting,":[150,161],"enabling":[151],"quick":[152],"responses.":[153],"operates":[155],"continuous":[157],"rounds":[158],"ensuring":[162],"responsiveness.":[163],"The":[164],"process":[167],"requires":[168],"overhead,":[172],"directly":[174],"results":[175],"achieving":[178],"complexity":[181],"overall.":[182],"Furthermore,":[183],"TockCuckoo+,":[186],"extension":[188],"TockCuckoo.":[190],"By":[191],"introducing":[192],"cross-pipelined":[194],"design,":[195],"TockCuckoo+":[196,236],"enables":[197],"more":[198],"frequent":[199],"proposals":[201],"without":[202],"sacrificing":[203],"key":[205],"characteristics":[206],"TockCuckoo,":[208],"leading":[209],"improved":[211],"throughput.":[212],"Our":[213],"experiments":[214],"wide-area":[216],"networks":[217],"demonstrate":[218],"that,":[219],"reduces":[221],"latency":[223],"by":[224],"20%":[225],"40%":[227],"compared":[228],"across":[231],"different":[232],"network":[233],"sizes,":[234],"throughput":[239],"increase":[240],"1.1\u00d7":[242],"1.5\u00d7":[244],"over":[245],"HotStuff.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-19T00:32:22.182498","created_date":"2025-11-23T00:00:00"}
