{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416513632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3636021","title":"A Robust Radio Frequency Fingerprint Open-Set Recognition Scheme for IoT Devices","display_name":"A Robust Radio Frequency Fingerprint Open-Set Recognition Scheme for IoT Devices","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416513632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3636021"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2025.3636021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3636021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032350369","display_name":"Yuexiu Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5177-4829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuexiu Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5177-4829","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100452540","display_name":"Xueyan Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xueyan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013730149","display_name":"Guyue Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1145-1168"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guyue Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1145-1168","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100778980","display_name":"Yun Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4002-1282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151727225","display_name":"Harbin Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/03x80pn82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4002-1282","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151727225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100390094","display_name":"Haitao Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3539-3532"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haitao Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3539-3532","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Internet of Things, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032350369"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18372038,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":"12693","last_page":"12706"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5424000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-white-gaussian-noise","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","score":0.5422999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4986000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclostationary-process","display_name":"Cyclostationary process","score":0.4909000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.46639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.4544000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fingerprint","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","score":0.4487000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multipath-propagation","display_name":"Multipath propagation","score":0.4415000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency-identification","display_name":"Radio-frequency identification","score":0.4352000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/filter","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","score":0.4047999978065491}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7990999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5424000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.5422999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4986000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178351263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3922399","display_name":"Cyclostationary process","level":3,"score":0.4909000098705292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.46639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.4544000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777826928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3745713","display_name":"Fingerprint (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4487000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.4415000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204222849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104954","display_name":"Radio-frequency identification","level":2,"score":0.4352000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106131492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3072260","display_name":"Filter (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4047999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168406668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178022","display_name":"Fingerprint recognition","level":3,"score":0.3935000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4199805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725903","display_name":"Gaussian noise","level":2,"score":0.37380000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.3562999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.34200000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3310000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3294999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.3165000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142433447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7806653","display_name":"Time\u2013frequency analysis","level":3,"score":0.30570000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.30070000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.29269999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.28929999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778922385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3475620","display_name":"Identification scheme","level":3,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100675267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1371624","display_name":"Background noise","level":2,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776836416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1364844","display_name":"False alarm","level":2,"score":0.25209999084472656}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2025.3636021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3636021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4221101337","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KLCS20240301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327727","funder_display_name":"Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Sediment Research"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G790070833","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23KJD510010","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327727","display_name":"Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Sediment Research","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2025768430","https://openalex.org/W2803989302","https://openalex.org/W2890720923","https://openalex.org/W2901114541","https://openalex.org/W2903139904","https://openalex.org/W2981392034","https://openalex.org/W2982145123","https://openalex.org/W2993744060","https://openalex.org/W3003651800","https://openalex.org/W3012361595","https://openalex.org/W3013935691","https://openalex.org/W3088383832","https://openalex.org/W3095910127","https://openalex.org/W3181667991","https://openalex.org/W3194740358","https://openalex.org/W3205971195","https://openalex.org/W4200521225","https://openalex.org/W4285024197","https://openalex.org/W4285267865","https://openalex.org/W4297911801","https://openalex.org/W4312681730","https://openalex.org/W4312954311","https://openalex.org/W4313855641","https://openalex.org/W4376480849","https://openalex.org/W4379058829","https://openalex.org/W4386260703","https://openalex.org/W4386554138","https://openalex.org/W4388240238","https://openalex.org/W4389371084","https://openalex.org/W4390224488","https://openalex.org/W4391377861","https://openalex.org/W4391406929","https://openalex.org/W4392397286","https://openalex.org/W4393405557","https://openalex.org/W4395096388","https://openalex.org/W4396506270","https://openalex.org/W4399665983","https://openalex.org/W4399881249","https://openalex.org/W4401539972","https://openalex.org/W4402474547","https://openalex.org/W4402810733","https://openalex.org/W4402811635","https://openalex.org/W4402834911","https://openalex.org/W4405270170","https://openalex.org/W4407693684","https://openalex.org/W4408442370"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Radio":[0],"frequency":[1,93],"fingerprint":[2],"(RFF)":[3],"identification":[4,116],"is":[5,64,88,107],"a":[6,35,56,68,127],"promising":[7],"solution":[8],"for":[9,79,132,141],"Internet":[10],"of":[11,114,123,126,179,192],"Things":[12],"(IoT)":[13],"device":[14,134,185],"authentication.":[15],"However,":[16],"this":[17,102],"technique":[18],"encounters":[19],"practical":[20],"challenges":[21],"such":[22],"as":[23,71,90],"noise":[24,52,168],"interference,":[25],"channel":[26,84,105,119,172],"coupling,":[27],"and":[28,97,160,170,181],"open-set":[29],"recognition":[30],"(OSR).":[31],"This":[32],"paper":[33],"proposes":[34],"unified":[36],"RFF-OSR":[37],"framework":[38,49],"to":[39,66,109],"jointly":[40],"address":[41],"these":[42],"problems":[43],"in":[44,117,155,183],"complex":[45],"environments.":[46],"Firstly,":[47],"the":[48,51,61,72,77,83,111,156,190],"mitigates":[50],"interference":[53],"by":[54],"employing":[55],"low-pass":[57,62],"filter-integrated":[58],"autoencoder,":[59],"where":[60],"filter":[63],"used":[65],"obtain":[67],"\u201cquasi-clean\u201d":[69],"signal":[70],"autoencoder":[73],"reference,":[74],"thereby":[75],"reducing":[76],"demand":[78],"ideal":[80],"signals.":[81],"Then,":[82],"influence":[85],"on":[86,101],"RFF":[87,115],"modeled":[89],"three":[91],"types:":[92],"offset,":[94],"phase":[95],"noise,":[96],"amplitude":[98],"distortion.":[99],"Based":[100],"model,":[103],"parameterized":[104],"augmentation":[106],"performed":[108],"improve":[110],"generalization":[112],"ability":[113],"unknown":[118],"scenarios.":[120],"In":[121],"terms":[122],"OSR,":[124],"instead":[125],"coarse-grained":[128],"uniform":[129],"probability":[130,158],"threshold":[131],"rogue":[133],"recognition,":[135],"we":[136],"conduct":[137],"independent":[138],"similarity":[139],"judgments":[140],"all":[142],"legitimate":[143],"classes,":[144],"each":[145],"with":[146],"an":[147],"individual":[148],"threshold.":[149],"It":[150],"effectively":[151],"reduces":[152],"information":[153],"loss":[154],"feature":[157],"transformation":[159],"increases":[161],"OSR":[162,177],"performance.":[163],"Under":[164],"additive":[165],"white":[166],"Gaussian":[167],"(AWGN)":[169],"multipath":[171],"conditions,":[173],"our":[174,193],"method":[175],"achieves":[176],"accuracies":[178],"99.37%":[180],"97.05%":[182],"ZigBee":[184],"identification,":[186],"respectively,":[187],"which":[188],"demonstrates":[189],"effectiveness":[191],"approach.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-06T23:10:59.065948","created_date":"2025-11-23T00:00:00"}