{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415481703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3624981","title":"Arena: Multi-Leader Synchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerance","display_name":"Arena: Multi-Leader Synchronous Byzantine Fault Tolerance","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415481703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3624981"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2025.3624981","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3624981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100537728","display_name":"Hao Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3783-1348"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3783-1348","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100659367","display_name":"Jian Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2636-5561"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2636-5561","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jiaheng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7950-7845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiaheng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National University of Singapore (NUS), Queenstown, Singapore","National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7950-7845","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore (NUS), Queenstown, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105297718","display_name":"Kui Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1969-2591"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kui Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1969-2591","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9389,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81365202,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":"11950","last_page":"11962"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9927999973297119,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9100000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12216","display_name":"Network Time Synchronization Technologies","score":0.906000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.6711999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/byzantine-fault-tolerance","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","score":0.6685000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-byzantine-agreement","display_name":"Quantum Byzantine agreement","score":0.6583999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.5698999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/replication","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","score":0.5521000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-state-machine","display_name":"Finite-state machine","score":0.5437999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5108000040054321}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8478000164031982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.6711999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168021876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1353446","display_name":"Byzantine fault tolerance","level":3,"score":0.6685000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17532199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17083590","display_name":"Quantum Byzantine agreement","level":4,"score":0.6583999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5781999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.5698999762535095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12590798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3933199","display_name":"Replication (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5521000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167822520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176452","display_name":"Finite-state machine","level":2,"score":0.5437999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5108000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.49079999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4101000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70061542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989016","display_name":"Distributed database","level":2,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.3052000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.30070000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33762810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461671","display_name":"Data integrity","level":2,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.2718000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65813073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1622420","display_name":"High availability","level":2,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110157686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922122","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","level":2,"score":0.26489999890327454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2025.3624981","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3624981","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5364993772","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFB2704000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G723262936","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"226-2025-00004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8544465538","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFB2704000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1991153938","https://openalex.org/W2015823173","https://openalex.org/W2115978880","https://openalex.org/W2131848219","https://openalex.org/W2136349230","https://openalex.org/W2143149536","https://openalex.org/W2534313446","https://openalex.org/W2794717484","https://openalex.org/W2890933237","https://openalex.org/W2926580575","https://openalex.org/W3015234426","https://openalex.org/W3046841722","https://openalex.org/W3095928864","https://openalex.org/W3096691500","https://openalex.org/W3173211631","https://openalex.org/W3185672164","https://openalex.org/W3215658158","https://openalex.org/W4210326244","https://openalex.org/W4220853208","https://openalex.org/W4220883364","https://openalex.org/W4308391463","https://openalex.org/W4389175230"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Byzantine":[0,28],"fault-tolerant":[1],"state":[2,9],"machine":[3,10,22],"replication":[4],"(BFT-SMR)":[5],"replicates":[6],"a":[7,12,20,108,127,132,141],"deterministic":[8],"across":[11],"set":[13],"of":[14,27,43,49,52,126,144],"replicas,":[15],"and":[16,45,67],"processes":[17],"requests":[18],"as":[19],"single":[21],"even":[23],"in":[24,37],"the":[25,41,46,88,97,150],"presence":[26],"faults.":[29],"BFT-SMR":[30],"is":[31,121],"crucial":[32],"for":[33],"ensuring":[34],"system":[35],"reliability":[36],"distributed":[38],"computing,":[39],"where":[40],"integrity":[42],"data":[44],"correct":[47],"execution":[48],"operations":[50],"are":[51,74],"utmost":[53],"importance.":[54],"Recently,":[55],"synchronous":[56,93,116],"BFT-SMRs":[57],"have":[58],"received":[59],"tremendous":[60],"attention":[61],"due":[62],"to":[63,78,96,113,146],"their":[64],"simple":[65],"design":[66,111],"high":[68,80,102],"fault-tolerance":[69],"threshold.":[70],"However,":[71],"existing":[72],"solutions":[73],"not":[75,130],"efficient":[76],"enough":[77],"achieve":[79],"throughput.":[81],"In":[82],"this":[83],"paper,":[84],"we":[85],"propose":[86],"Arena,":[87],"first":[89],"<italic":[90],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[91],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">multi-leader</i>":[92],"BFT-SMR.":[94],"Thanks":[95],"synchrony":[98],"assumption,":[99],"Arena":[100,139],"gains":[101],"throughput":[103,143],"benefit":[104],"from":[105],"multi-leader":[106,117],"with":[107],"much":[109],"simpler":[110],"(compared":[112],"other":[114],"partially":[115],"designs).":[118],"Furthermore,":[119],"it":[120],"more":[122],"robust:":[123],"\u201cno":[124],"progress\u201d":[125],"leader":[128],"will":[129],"trigger":[131],"view-change.":[133],"Our":[134],"experimental":[135],"results":[136],"show":[137],"that":[138],"achieves":[140],"peak":[142],"up":[145],"7.7\u00d7":[147],"higher":[148],"than":[149],"state-of-the-art.":[151]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-14T23:14:49.485078","created_date":"2025-10-23T00:00:00"}
