{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7091609646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3622069","title":"Achieving Packet Traceback by Inferring AS-Level Topology Based on Cryptographic Path Identifiers","display_name":"Achieving Packet Traceback by Inferring AS-Level Topology Based on Cryptographic Path Identifiers","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7091609646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3622069"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2025.3622069","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3622069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hongbin Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6807-512X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbin Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6807-512X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hongyi Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136246","display_name":"China Telecom (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jgnzt20","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyi Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Satellite Network Innovation Company Ltd., Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Satellite Network Innovation Company Ltd., Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136246"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0978-3414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0978-3414","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuxin Mao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxin Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Zhiyuan Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1966-2421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyuan Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1966-2421","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Technology, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4756,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93533299,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":"11907","last_page":"11921"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.3573000133037567,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.3573000133037567,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.290800005197525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.17669999599456787,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-topology","display_name":"Internet topology","score":0.6832000017166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6330999732017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.6273999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identifier","display_name":"Identifier","score":0.6151999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.5949000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traceroute","display_name":"traceroute","score":0.5343000292778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logical-topology","display_name":"Logical topology","score":0.5123000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.4691999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4584999978542328}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8461999893188477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99237066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092610","display_name":"Internet topology","level":3,"score":0.6832000017166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6330999732017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.6273999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6256999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154504017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853614","display_name":"Identifier","level":2,"score":0.6151999831199646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.5949000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157497606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q603227","display_name":"traceroute","level":3,"score":0.5343000292778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117729477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Logical topology","level":3,"score":0.5123000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4691999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4584999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776059407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5973212","display_name":"IP traceback","level":4,"score":0.4219000041484833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4108000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110541219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72948","display_name":"Path tracing","level":3,"score":0.4058000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.37929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119839945","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6545185","display_name":"Unique identifier","level":3,"score":0.3614000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138673069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q322229","display_name":"Tracing","level":2,"score":0.2833000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9628104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788009","display_name":"Autonomous system (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.27630001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118463975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220849","display_name":"Digital signature","level":3,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.26159998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176809094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15401496","display_name":"Traverse","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15927051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246593","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","level":4,"score":0.2500999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777321455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20484","display_name":"MAC address","level":2,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2025.3622069","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3622069","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2013346968","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62202021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3712707519","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62225201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4166799018","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62422201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G553828680","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5556849881","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB4501000","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G566639446","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U24B20128","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G736776037","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANT2024003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499542368","https://openalex.org/W1726879018","https://openalex.org/W2014328421","https://openalex.org/W2021358715","https://openalex.org/W2125551282","https://openalex.org/W2132957552","https://openalex.org/W2141920622","https://openalex.org/W2144200149","https://openalex.org/W2155903900","https://openalex.org/W2164363093","https://openalex.org/W2168903090","https://openalex.org/W2462520798","https://openalex.org/W2600778551","https://openalex.org/W2618528322","https://openalex.org/W2792300086","https://openalex.org/W2799905015","https://openalex.org/W2808444374","https://openalex.org/W2887157006","https://openalex.org/W2956151113","https://openalex.org/W2968216967","https://openalex.org/W3004615344","https://openalex.org/W3088995331","https://openalex.org/W3089682163","https://openalex.org/W3130002881","https://openalex.org/W3155683139","https://openalex.org/W3166977667","https://openalex.org/W4210636637","https://openalex.org/W4236793779","https://openalex.org/W4250493029","https://openalex.org/W4251575039","https://openalex.org/W4251630043","https://openalex.org/W4324116414","https://openalex.org/W4366147958","https://openalex.org/W4389161427","https://openalex.org/W4393972793","https://openalex.org/W4394595499","https://openalex.org/W4401508035","https://openalex.org/W4401508628","https://openalex.org/W4402915109","https://openalex.org/W4404371432","https://openalex.org/W4406138043","https://openalex.org/W4410949841","https://openalex.org/W4411725910","https://openalex.org/W4412164105"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Although":[0],"the":[1,16,19,26,50,57,70,79,107,116,128,157,180,202,209,217,222,230],"Internet":[2,27,90],"has":[3,24],"become":[4],"a":[5,184],"huge":[6],"system":[7],"with":[8],"more":[9],"than":[10,240],"70000":[11],"autonomous":[12],"systems":[13],"(ASes)":[14],"in":[15,53,208],"past":[17],"decades,":[18],"lack":[20],"of":[21,232],"coherent":[22],"security":[23,266],"left":[25],"vulnerable":[28],"to":[29,45,65,78,114,170,178,249],"various":[30],"cyber":[31],"attacks":[32],"(e.g.,":[33],"DDoS).":[34],"There":[35],"are":[36],"many":[37],"studies":[38],"on":[39,87,136,221],"tracing":[40],"back":[41,122,258],"malicious":[42,58,124],"packets,":[43],"aiming":[44],"figure":[46],"out":[47],"which":[48,55,189],"ASes":[49,56],"attacker":[51],"is":[52,63,76,133,147,238,261],"and":[54,102,119,175,204,256,267],"packets":[59,210],"traverse.":[60],"However,":[61],"it":[62,75],"hard":[64],"achieve":[66],"per-packet":[67],"traceback":[68,130],"under":[69,183],"traditional":[71],"TCP/IP":[72],"architecture,":[73],"since":[74],"agnostic":[77],"AS-level":[80,117,181,218,244],"paths.":[81],"In":[82,164],"this":[83,137,165],"paper,":[84,166],"we":[85,144,167],"focus":[86],"another":[88],"clean-slate":[89],"architecture":[91,187],"called":[92],"path-aware":[93],"networking":[94],"(PAN).":[95],"Typical":[96],"PAN":[97,105,149,186],"architectures":[98,150],"include":[99],"SCION,":[100],"CoLoR,":[101,188],"LIPSIN.":[103],"Under":[104],"architectures,":[106],"in-packet":[108],"path":[109,153,192],"identifiers":[110],"(PIDs)":[111],"enable":[112],"us":[113],"infer":[115,179],"topology":[118,138,158,182,219,235,245],"then":[120,215],"trace":[121,257],"each":[123],"packet":[125],"accurately.":[126],"Despite":[127],"powerful":[129],"capability,":[131],"there":[132],"no":[134],"study":[135],"inference":[139,159,236],"problem":[140],"as":[141,143,201],"far":[142],"know.":[145],"This":[146],"because":[148],"adopt":[151],"different":[152,162],"identification":[154],"methods,":[155],"thus":[156,260],"problems":[160],"have":[161],"formulations.":[163],"would":[168],"like":[169],"take":[171],"an":[172,195,198],"initial":[173],"step":[174],"investigate":[176],"how":[177],"specific":[185],"adopts":[190],"cryptographic":[191],"identification.":[193],"Specifically,":[194],"AS":[196],"or":[197],"end-host":[199],"acts":[200],"observer":[203,214],"collects":[205],"PID":[206,224],"sequences":[207],"traversing":[211],"it.":[212],"The":[213,242],"infers":[216],"based":[220],"collected":[223],"sequences.":[225],"Extensive":[226],"simulations":[227],"show":[228],"that":[229],"accuracy":[231],"our":[233],"proposed":[234],"method":[237],"greater":[239],"95%.":[241],"inferred":[243],"can":[246],"be":[247],"used":[248],"monitor":[250],"network":[251,265,269],"traffic,":[252],"detect":[253],"traffic":[254],"anomaly":[255],"attackers,":[259],"helpful":[262],"for":[263],"enhancing":[264],"facilitating":[268],"management.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-16T00:00:00"}
