{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413392549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3601405","title":"Robust ENF Estimation in Contaminated Audio","display_name":"Robust ENF Estimation in Contaminated Audio","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413392549","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3601405"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2025.3601405","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3601405","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Robust_ENF_Estimation_in_Contaminated_Audio/29963753","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087467497","display_name":"Shiyu Zuo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiyu Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003692319","display_name":"Haijian Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8314-6563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haijian Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8314-6563","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081558972","display_name":"Lexuan Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4218-5900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lexuan Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4218-5900","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089791792","display_name":"Sijin Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9722-9148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sijin Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Information, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068604294","display_name":"Guang Hua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5184-4359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168639165","display_name":"Singapore Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01v2c2791","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168639165"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guang Hua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Infocomm Technology Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Dr, Singapore","Infocomm Technology Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5184-4359","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infocomm Technology Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, 10 Dover Dr, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168639165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Infocomm Technology Cluster, Singapore Institute of Technology, Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168639165"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4631,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56888153,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":"9039","last_page":"9053"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9312999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.9312999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.767609715461731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.5337086319923401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contamination","display_name":"Contamination","score":0.41748717427253723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.41251373291015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.40321043133735657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3253626823425293}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.767609715461731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.5337086319923401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.41748717427253723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.41251373291015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.40321043133735657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3253626823425293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2025.3601405","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3601405","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/29963753","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Robust_ENF_Estimation_in_Contaminated_Audio/29963753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/29963753","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Robust_ENF_Estimation_in_Contaminated_Audio/29963753","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3866675507","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022CFB084","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322186","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":58,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970596305","https://openalex.org/W1970901051","https://openalex.org/W1983338562","https://openalex.org/W2007234454","https://openalex.org/W2022481205","https://openalex.org/W2029854718","https://openalex.org/W2040515751","https://openalex.org/W2063768365","https://openalex.org/W2076751025","https://openalex.org/W2078550412","https://openalex.org/W2079961989","https://openalex.org/W2081009539","https://openalex.org/W2132085292","https://openalex.org/W2290955290","https://openalex.org/W2511130990","https://openalex.org/W2537036114","https://openalex.org/W2539943486","https://openalex.org/W2559812818","https://openalex.org/W2617977418","https://openalex.org/W2654195758","https://openalex.org/W2767160731","https://openalex.org/W2798959783","https://openalex.org/W2803162153","https://openalex.org/W2897553423","https://openalex.org/W2900381061","https://openalex.org/W2911670995","https://openalex.org/W2950088517","https://openalex.org/W2974839659","https://openalex.org/W2988559054","https://openalex.org/W2993073823","https://openalex.org/W2995397488","https://openalex.org/W3025048286","https://openalex.org/W3034132715","https://openalex.org/W3043491386","https://openalex.org/W3100432536","https://openalex.org/W3152666233","https://openalex.org/W3159953722","https://openalex.org/W3184907350","https://openalex.org/W3198649253","https://openalex.org/W4244779605","https://openalex.org/W4285210186","https://openalex.org/W4285248982","https://openalex.org/W4288049192","https://openalex.org/W4295046590","https://openalex.org/W4312936209","https://openalex.org/W4313546702","https://openalex.org/W4319988915","https://openalex.org/W4372339441","https://openalex.org/W4380905616","https://openalex.org/W4382050090","https://openalex.org/W4386047803","https://openalex.org/W4386432340","https://openalex.org/W4386453505","https://openalex.org/W4390872543","https://openalex.org/W4394596445","https://openalex.org/W4396972132","https://openalex.org/W4401011379","https://openalex.org/W4401806469"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4246525302","https://openalex.org/W2355749553","https://openalex.org/W2327028314","https://openalex.org/W4411075450","https://openalex.org/W2070278412","https://openalex.org/W281735054","https://openalex.org/W2565462584","https://openalex.org/W1533753578","https://openalex.org/W4408785918","https://openalex.org/W1502203608"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electric":[0],"network":[1],"frequency":[2,93],"(ENF)":[3],"is":[4,33,171,180],"an":[5,46,150],"important":[6],"criterion":[7],"in":[8,28,37,173],"audio":[9,29,153,187],"forensic":[10],"analysis.":[11],"However,":[12],"environmental":[13],"uncertainties":[14],"often":[15],"introduce":[16],"various":[17],"types":[18],"of":[19,24,87,111,126,137,177],"noises,":[20],"diminishing":[21],"the":[22,75,84,88,109,124,132,135,167],"number":[23,110,125],"useful":[25,127],"ENF":[26,56,128,138,151],"samples":[27,64,86,112],"recordings.":[30,39,188],"This":[31,101],"issue":[32],"even":[34],"more":[35],"challenging":[36],"short-duration":[38],"To":[40],"address":[41],"this":[42],"issue,":[43],"we":[44,61,122,146],"propose":[45],"adaptive-window-based":[47],"harmonic":[48,90,119,154],"recombination":[49,120],"(AWHR)":[50],"method,":[51],"which":[52,130],"can":[53],"accurately":[54],"estimate":[55],"from":[57],"noisy":[58,63,85,152],"audio.":[59],"Initially,":[60],"identify":[62],"and":[65,97,161,179,185],"use":[66],"a":[67,117],"metric":[68],"called":[69],"noise":[70],"ratio":[71],"(NR)":[72],"to":[73,83,91,141,182],"determine":[74],"optimal":[76,89],"harmonic.":[77],"Adaptive":[78],"windows":[79],"are":[80],"selectively":[81],"applied":[82],"mitigate":[92],"spikes,":[94],"prevent":[95],"distortions,":[96],"preserve":[98],"signal":[99],"quality.":[100],"step":[102],"also":[103,148],"reduces":[104,131],"computational":[105],"complexity":[106],"by":[107],"minimizing":[108],"requiring":[113],"enhancement.":[114],"Finally,":[115],"via":[116],"proposed":[118,168],"mechanism,":[121],"improve":[123],"samples,":[129],"NR.":[133],"Given":[134],"lack":[136],"datasets":[139,164],"designed":[140],"evaluate":[142],"considerably":[143],"contaminated":[144],"audio,":[145],"have":[147],"built":[149],"(ENF-NAH)":[155],"dataset.":[156],"Experiments":[157],"on":[158],"public":[159],"ENF-WHU":[160],"our":[162],"ENF-NAH":[163],"show":[165],"that":[166],"AWHR":[169],"method":[170],"effective":[172],"handling":[174],"varying":[175],"levels":[176],"contamination":[178],"applicable":[181],"both":[183],"long":[184],"short":[186]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
