{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411408958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3581117","title":"Efficient Intrusion Detection for In-Vehicle Networks Using Knowledge Distillation From BERT to CNN-BiLSTM","display_name":"Efficient Intrusion Detection for In-Vehicle Networks Using Knowledge Distillation From BERT to CNN-BiLSTM","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411408958","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3581117"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2025.3581117","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3581117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05580204","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080415718","display_name":"Sifan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1624-0992"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sifan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1624-0992","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006794082","display_name":"Yue Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2098-7637"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2098-7637","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076621366","display_name":"Guojun Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5731-8958"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guojun Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5731-8958","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100457571","display_name":"Meng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3553-0813"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143868143","display_name":"Anhui University","ror":"https://ror.org/05th6yx34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16365422","display_name":"Hefei University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02czkny70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Meng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Ministry of Education, the School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, and the Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data (Hefei University of Technology), Ministry of Education, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3553-0813","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data, Ministry of Education, the School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, and the Intelligent Interconnected Systems Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143868143"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Knowledge Engineering with Big Data (Hefei University of Technology), Ministry of Education, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16365422"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086434651","display_name":"W. Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0649-5086"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158664","display_name":"Dongfeng Motor (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/049j15k39","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158664"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research and Development Institute, Dongfeng Motor Corporation Ltd., Wuhan, China","Reasearch Devlopment Institution, Dongfeng Motor Corp.Ltd, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research and Development Institute, Dongfeng Motor Corporation Ltd., Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158664"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Reasearch Devlopment Institution, Dongfeng Motor Corp.Ltd, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158664"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101977687","display_name":"Luan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9635-066X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142324","display_name":"CY Cergy Paris Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/043htjv09","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142324"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86175216","display_name":"\u00c9cole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure de l'\u00c9lectronique et de ses Applications","ror":"https://ror.org/03qeacd72","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86175216"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETIS UMR 8051, ENSEA, CNRS, CY Cergy Paris University, Cergy, France","ETIS UMR8051, ENSEA, CY Cergy Paris University, CNRS, Cergy, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9635-066X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETIS UMR 8051, ENSEA, CNRS, CY Cergy Paris University, Cergy, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210142324"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETIS UMR8051, ENSEA, CY Cergy Paris University, CNRS, Cergy, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210142324","https://openalex.org/I86175216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.8663,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9696445,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":"6398","last_page":"6412"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9753000140190125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9753000140190125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9710000157356262,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9140999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.853972315788269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.6374974846839905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distillation","display_name":"Distillation","score":0.46834060549736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.40039101243019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.34921494126319885}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.853972315788269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.6374974846839905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204030448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101017","display_name":"Distillation","level":2,"score":0.46834060549736023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.40039101243019104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.34921494126319885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2025.3581117","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3581117","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05580204v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05580204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 2025, 20, pp.6398-6412. &#x27E8;10.1109/TIFS.2025.3581117&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05580204v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05580204","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 2025, 20, pp.6398-6412. &#x27E8;10.1109/TIFS.2025.3581117&#x27E9;","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3537770290","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62372149","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4365675440","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23A20303","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8698355616","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024BAA011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335848","funder_display_name":"Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G913524831","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BigKEOpen2025-04","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335681","funder_display_name":"Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering of the Ministry of Education"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335681","display_name":"Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering of the Ministry of Education","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335848","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2599450550","https://openalex.org/W2945012921","https://openalex.org/W2959120033","https://openalex.org/W2979202956","https://openalex.org/W2998230451","https://openalex.org/W3004127093","https://openalex.org/W3113693716","https://openalex.org/W3124913209","https://openalex.org/W3133408253","https://openalex.org/W3167412930","https://openalex.org/W3195279647","https://openalex.org/W3217196210","https://openalex.org/W4214807529","https://openalex.org/W4220775946","https://openalex.org/W4311080744","https://openalex.org/W4315783889","https://openalex.org/W4320002750","https://openalex.org/W4360764185","https://openalex.org/W4384917141","https://openalex.org/W4385192390","https://openalex.org/W4385656664","https://openalex.org/W4386065524","https://openalex.org/W4386214453","https://openalex.org/W4386951843","https://openalex.org/W4387872718","https://openalex.org/W4388430742","https://openalex.org/W4388937454","https://openalex.org/W4389675497","https://openalex.org/W4390887143","https://openalex.org/W4391935143","https://openalex.org/W4392122558","https://openalex.org/W4395069151","https://openalex.org/W4396670787","https://openalex.org/W4396980126","https://openalex.org/W4399205321","https://openalex.org/W4401362449","https://openalex.org/W4402158830","https://openalex.org/W4405270144","https://openalex.org/W6755207826"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Under":[0],"the":[1,22,34,41,58,63,99,102,107,132,159],"development":[2],"of":[3,27,36,43,60,65,178],"intelligent":[4],"transportation":[5],"systems,":[6],"In-Vehicle":[7],"Networks":[8],"(IVNs)":[9],"serve":[10],"as":[11],"a":[12,78,111],"critical":[13],"channel":[14],"for":[15,33,165],"both":[16,136],"internal":[17],"and":[18,25,62,80,120,138,155,168,181],"external":[19],"communications.":[20],"However,":[21],"inherent":[23],"complexity":[24],"diversity":[26],"data":[28],"traffic":[29],"present":[30],"significant":[31],"challenges":[32],"detection":[35,83,126,142],"IVN":[37,150],"anomalous":[38],"flows.":[39],"Meanwhile,":[40],"introduction":[42],"various":[44],"novel":[45],"technologies":[46],"has":[47,162],"introduced":[48],"new":[49],"security":[50,59,137],"vulnerabilities":[51,55],"to":[52,95],"IVNs.":[53],"These":[54],"significantly":[56,116],"impact":[57],"IVNs":[61],"accuracy":[64,143,177],"in-vehicle":[66,172],"Intrusion":[67],"Detection":[68],"Systems":[69],"(IDS).":[70],"To":[71],"address":[72],"these":[73],"issues,":[74],"this":[75],"paper":[76],"proposes":[77],"lightweight":[79,113],"efficient":[81],"anomaly":[82],"method":[84],"based":[85],"on":[86],"knowledge":[87,105],"distillation":[88],"technology,":[89],"termed":[90],"Knowledge":[91],"Distillation":[92],"from":[93,106],"BERT":[94,108],"CNN-BiLSTM":[96,114],"(KDBC).":[97],"Specifically,":[98],"KDBC":[100,133,160],"distills":[101],"deep":[103],"semantic":[104],"model":[109,134,161],"into":[110],"more":[112],"architecture,":[115],"reducing":[117],"computational":[118],"overhead":[119],"storage":[121],"requirements":[122],"without":[123],"substantially":[124],"compromising":[125],"performance.":[127],"Experimental":[128],"results":[129],"demonstrate":[130],"that":[131],"enhances":[135],"versatility,":[139],"achieving":[140,175],"superior":[141],"in":[144,170],"identifying":[145],"abnormal":[146],"attacks":[147],"across":[148],"diverse":[149],"data,":[151],"including":[152],"automotive":[153],"Ethernet":[154],"CAN":[156],"networks.":[157],"Moreover,":[158],"been":[163],"validated":[164],"its":[166],"effectiveness":[167],"robustness":[169],"actual":[171],"gateway":[173],"environments,":[174],"an":[176,182],"over":[179],"0.98":[180],"F1":[183],"score":[184],"greater":[185],"than":[186],"0.98.":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
