{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411484463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3581021","title":"Toward Robust Learning via Core Feature-Aware Adversarial Training","display_name":"Toward Robust Learning via Core Feature-Aware Adversarial Training","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411484463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3581021"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2025.3581021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3581021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008409933","display_name":"Fengpeng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5080-7425"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengpeng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5080-7425","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113070851","display_name":"Kemou Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6669-9713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kemou Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6669-9713","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079117782","display_name":"Haiwei Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8807-0254"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiwei Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8807-0254","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101902782","display_name":"Jinyu Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2449-5277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinyu Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2449-5277","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037979193","display_name":"Jiantao Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6015-2618"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204512498","display_name":"University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/01r4q9n85","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204512498"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6469544","display_name":"City University of Macau","ror":"https://ror.org/04gpd4q15","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6469544"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiantao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6015-2618","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Science, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Internet of Things for Smart City, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6469544","https://openalex.org/I204512498"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.2763,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95237613,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":"6236","last_page":"6251"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.972599983215332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8236308693885803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.7548496723175049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","score":0.5866072773933411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5520676374435425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5055296421051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","score":0.4556863307952881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36726808547973633}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8236308693885803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.7548496723175049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.5866072773933411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5520676374435425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5055296421051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.4556863307952881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36726808547973633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2025.3581021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3581021","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2649388862","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0022/2022/A1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315893","funder_display_name":"VNU Science and Technology Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4651853227","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024A1515012536","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5098366689","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"0119/2024/RIB2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315893","funder_display_name":"VNU Science and Technology Development Fund"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6044444080","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"001/2024/SKL","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315893","funder_display_name":"VNU Science and Technology Development Fund"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315893","display_name":"VNU Science and Technology Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/044vr6g03"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":71,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2243397390","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2603766943","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2746314669","https://openalex.org/W2791953061","https://openalex.org/W2949736877","https://openalex.org/W2962858109","https://openalex.org/W2963636205","https://openalex.org/W2963857521","https://openalex.org/W2965198951","https://openalex.org/W2984699060","https://openalex.org/W2991429372","https://openalex.org/W2992308087","https://openalex.org/W3034397670","https://openalex.org/W3045766264","https://openalex.org/W3107235539","https://openalex.org/W3107645027","https://openalex.org/W3134621603","https://openalex.org/W3175663471","https://openalex.org/W3193011882","https://openalex.org/W3206581298","https://openalex.org/W4214585697","https://openalex.org/W4226239489","https://openalex.org/W4287637349","https://openalex.org/W4293846201","https://openalex.org/W4297794296","https://openalex.org/W4312229863","https://openalex.org/W4312529624","https://openalex.org/W4363622847","https://openalex.org/W4386025709","https://openalex.org/W4386075987","https://openalex.org/W4387965340","https://openalex.org/W4391326543","https://openalex.org/W4400771068","https://openalex.org/W4401842280","https://openalex.org/W4402673912","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6729756640","https://openalex.org/W6734547106","https://openalex.org/W6743428213","https://openalex.org/W6748965907","https://openalex.org/W6749107692","https://openalex.org/W6750404860","https://openalex.org/W6755310938","https://openalex.org/W6759129252","https://openalex.org/W6761100157","https://openalex.org/W6762093561","https://openalex.org/W6764550947","https://openalex.org/W6765597837","https://openalex.org/W6767248609","https://openalex.org/W6772461460","https://openalex.org/W6774469542","https://openalex.org/W6784347383","https://openalex.org/W6784426856","https://openalex.org/W6784493056","https://openalex.org/W6785111489","https://openalex.org/W6786032476","https://openalex.org/W6791106756","https://openalex.org/W6797686037","https://openalex.org/W6800090040","https://openalex.org/W6803971153","https://openalex.org/W6837945584","https://openalex.org/W6838452192","https://openalex.org/W6843085938","https://openalex.org/W6843265801","https://openalex.org/W6849189713","https://openalex.org/W6849419904","https://openalex.org/W6852403269","https://openalex.org/W6873814633"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W1561927205","https://openalex.org/W3191453585","https://openalex.org/W4297672492","https://openalex.org/W4310988119","https://openalex.org/W4285226279","https://openalex.org/W2619203976"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"neural":[1],"networks":[2],"(DNNs)":[3],"are":[4,64],"inherently":[5],"vulnerable":[6],"to":[7,28,72,85,123,135,173,198],"adversarial":[8,49,208],"examples":[9],"(AEs),":[10],"severely":[11],"deteriorating":[12],"model":[13,30,160],"performance":[14,205],"on":[15,51,88,148,162,194,219],"various":[16],"tasks.":[17],"Adversarial":[18,119],"training":[19,37,68],"(AT)":[20],"is":[21,171,241],"one":[22],"of":[23,42,187,215],"the":[24,36,40,73,80,159,213],"most":[25],"effective":[26],"approaches":[27],"enhance":[29],"robustness":[31,101,214],"by":[32,142,182,226],"incorporating":[33],"AEs":[34,52,105],"into":[35],"process.":[38],"Notwithstanding":[39],"efficacy":[41],"AT,":[43],"recent":[44],"studies":[45],"have":[46],"unveiled":[47],"that":[48,99],"perturbations":[50],"predominantly":[53],"impact":[54,78],"core":[55,163],"features\u2014essential":[56],"for":[57],"accurate":[58],"predictions\u2014more":[59],"than":[60],"spurious":[61,89,195],"features,":[62,90],"which":[63],"incidentally":[65],"aligned":[66],"with":[67,83,125,151],"labels":[69],"but":[70],"irrelevant":[71],"model\u2019s":[74],"classification.":[75],"This":[76],"unequal":[77],"induces":[79],"models":[81],"trained":[82],"AT":[84,200],"excessively":[86],"rely":[87],"resulting":[91],"in":[92,237],"a":[93,113,184],"pronounced":[94],"<italic":[95,115,130,138,166],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[96,116,131,139,167],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">feature":[97],"shift</i>":[98],"compromises":[100],"and":[102,178,223,231],"generalization":[103],"against":[104,206,217],"at":[106,243],"inference.":[107],"In":[108],"this":[109],"work,":[110],"we":[111],"introduce":[112],"novel":[114],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Core":[117],"Feature-aware":[118],"Training</i>":[120],"(COFAT)":[121],"framework":[122],"cope":[124],"these":[126],"challenges.":[127],"COFAT":[128,202,211],"employs":[129],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">core":[132,140],"feature":[133,149,169,176,189],"extraction</i>":[134],"dynamically":[136],"generate":[137],"partners</i>":[141],"selectively":[143],"retaining":[144],"benign":[145],"sample":[146],"regions":[147],"maps":[150],"high-weight":[152],"while":[153],"masking":[154],"low-weight":[155],"ones,":[156],"thereby":[157],"ensuring":[158],"focuses":[161],"features.":[164,196],"Furthermore,":[165],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">contrastive":[168],"alignment</i>":[170],"proposed":[172],"reduce":[174],"intra-class":[175],"distances":[177],"increase":[179],"inter-class":[180],"separability":[181],"maintaining":[183],"center":[185],"bank":[186],"class":[188],"representations,":[190],"thus":[191],"mitigating":[192],"reliance":[193],"Compared":[197],"state-of-the-art":[199],"methods,":[201],"demonstrates":[203],"superior":[204],"diverse":[207],"attacks.":[209],"Remarkably,":[210],"improves":[212],"ResNet-18":[216],"AutoAttack":[218],"CIFAR-10,":[220],"SVHN,":[221],"CIFAR-100,":[222],"Tiny":[224],"ImageNet":[225],"approximately":[227],"2.14%,":[228],"3.20%,":[229],"1.69%,":[230],"1.86%,":[232],"respectively,":[233],"embodying":[234],"significant":[235],"advancements":[236],"AT.":[238],"Our":[239],"code":[240],"publicized":[242],"https://github.com/Feng-peng-Li/CoFAT.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-06-21T00:00:00"}
