{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411055515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3577013","title":"Backdoor Attack on Self-Supervised Learning-Based RFF Identification Using Spectrum Enhanced Insensitive Perturbation Trigger","display_name":"Backdoor Attack on Self-Supervised Learning-Based RFF Identification Using Spectrum Enhanced Insensitive Perturbation Trigger","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411055515","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3577013"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2025.3577013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3577013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038554248","display_name":"Zhisheng Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4546-5691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhisheng Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4546-5691","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027367677","display_name":"Guan Gui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3888-2881"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guan Gui","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3888-2881","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Telecommunications and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3132,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88456274,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":"5732","last_page":"5744"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7501527667045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backdoor","display_name":"Backdoor","score":0.7199277281761169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.5190314054489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.42998117208480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.31344401836395264}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7501527667045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781045450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254569","display_name":"Backdoor","level":2,"score":0.7199277281761169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5190314054489136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.42998117208480835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.31344401836395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2025.3577013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3577013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4894451427","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62401281","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5698140889","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22KJA510002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8425202413","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471247","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8994372146","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62472019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335440","display_name":"Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2903139904","https://openalex.org/W2990270730","https://openalex.org/W3042368254","https://openalex.org/W3121047872","https://openalex.org/W3170485195","https://openalex.org/W3181667991","https://openalex.org/W3189812816","https://openalex.org/W4214537185","https://openalex.org/W4214680449","https://openalex.org/W4296930420","https://openalex.org/W4308655556","https://openalex.org/W4312768002","https://openalex.org/W4319986822","https://openalex.org/W4321488246","https://openalex.org/W4321608112","https://openalex.org/W4321609174","https://openalex.org/W4366147513","https://openalex.org/W4384519137","https://openalex.org/W4385480376","https://openalex.org/W4386255995","https://openalex.org/W4386361537","https://openalex.org/W4386495285","https://openalex.org/W4387090842","https://openalex.org/W4387623697","https://openalex.org/W4390874616","https://openalex.org/W4391165408","https://openalex.org/W4394929583","https://openalex.org/W4398199753","https://openalex.org/W4401070880","https://openalex.org/W4401539353","https://openalex.org/W4402258889","https://openalex.org/W4402917136","https://openalex.org/W4403052684","https://openalex.org/W4403917901","https://openalex.org/W6743581629","https://openalex.org/W6746897123","https://openalex.org/W6756074407","https://openalex.org/W6795961950","https://openalex.org/W6838899697","https://openalex.org/W6871141166","https://openalex.org/W6882744265"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4320031223","https://openalex.org/W4200629851","https://openalex.org/W4281902577","https://openalex.org/W4309417370","https://openalex.org/W4292107232","https://openalex.org/W3009072493","https://openalex.org/W4401407399"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Radio":[0],"frequency":[1,123],"fingerprint":[2],"identification":[3],"(RFFI)":[4],"is":[5],"essential":[6],"for":[7,180],"ensuring":[8],"device":[9],"security":[10,66,109,183],"in":[11,48,61,121],"ubiquitous":[12],"wireless":[13],"communications":[14],"and":[15,25,84,128,171,187],"the":[16,54,75,111,122,136,161,182,188],"Internet":[17],"of":[18,56,77,184,190],"Things":[19],"(IoT).":[20],"Although":[21],"deep":[22],"learning":[23,27],"(DL)":[24],"self-supervised":[26],"(SSL)":[28],"techniques":[29],"have":[30],"significantly":[31],"enhanced":[32],"RFFI":[33,79,100,185],"system":[34],"performance,":[35],"they":[36],"often":[37],"depend":[38],"on":[39],"data":[40,58],"sourced":[41],"from":[42],"open":[43],"internet":[44],"datasets":[45],"or":[46],"collected":[47],"uncontrolled":[49],"environments.":[50],"This":[51],"dependency":[52],"heightens":[53],"risk":[55],"malicious":[57],"tampering,":[59],"particularly":[60],"adversarial":[62],"environment,":[63],"thereby":[64],"exacerbating":[65],"vulnerabilities.":[67],"To":[68],"address":[69],"this":[70,72,174],"issue,":[71],"paper":[73,175],"investigates":[74],"vulnerability":[76],"SSL-based":[78,99],"systems":[80,186],"to":[81],"backdoor":[82,101,130,154,191],"attacks":[83],"introduces":[85,118],"a":[86,90,177],"novel":[87],"method":[88],"utilizing":[89],"spectrum-enhanced":[91],"insensitive":[92],"perturbation":[93],"(SEIP)":[94],"trigger.":[95],"We":[96],"develop":[97],"an":[98,165],"attack":[102,143,169],"framework,":[103],"providing":[104],"new":[105,178],"insights":[106],"into":[107],"SSL":[108],"within":[110],"signal":[112],"processing":[113],"domain.":[114],"The":[115],"SEIP":[116,137,162],"trigger":[117,138,163],"subtle":[119],"perturbations":[120],"domain,":[124],"enabling":[125],"highly":[126],"effective":[127],"covert":[129],"attacks.":[131],"Experimental":[132],"results":[133],"demonstrate":[134],"that":[135,160],"outperforms":[139],"existing":[140],"triggers":[141],"regarding":[142],"effectiveness":[144,170],"across":[145],"various":[146],"channel":[147],"conditions":[148],"while":[149],"maintaining":[150],"strong":[151],"stealthiness":[152],"against":[153],"defense":[155,192],"mechanisms.":[156],"These":[157],"findings":[158],"confirm":[159],"achieves":[164],"optimal":[166],"balance":[167],"between":[168],"stealthiness.":[172],"Moreover,":[173],"offers":[176],"perspective":[179],"evaluating":[181],"resilience":[189],"strategies.":[193]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}