{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410359066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3570183","title":"An Interpretable Contrastive Learning Transformer for EEG-Based Person Identification","display_name":"An Interpretable Contrastive Learning Transformer for EEG-Based Person Identification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410359066","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3570183"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2025.3570183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3570183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048422750","display_name":"Xinghan Shao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinghan Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2858-3439","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"C. Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-7933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China","College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4119-7933","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Hefei, Anhui, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082525691","display_name":"John Q. Gan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1230-7643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Q. Gan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K","School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1230-7643","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018364879","display_name":"Haixian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8220-9737"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haixian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8220-9737","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biological Science & Medical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, PR China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2972,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87867345,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":"5069","last_page":"5082"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.8809999823570251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12740","display_name":"Gait Recognition and Analysis","score":0.8809999823570251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.8712000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.8675000071525574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8032036423683167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electroencephalography","display_name":"Electroencephalography","score":0.6718703508377075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformer","display_name":"Transformer","score":0.5677241086959839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.511151134967804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.4928560256958008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4681931436061859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.39654505252838135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3714424967765808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.10135966539382935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.09913179278373718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08938091993331909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.07335862517356873}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8032036423683167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.6718703508377075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.5677241086959839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.511151134967804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4928560256958008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4681931436061859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.39654505252838135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3714424967765808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10135966539382935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.09913179278373718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08938091993331909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.07335862517356873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2025.3570183","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3570183","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1416621840","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92270113","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3298841845","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62176054.","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1513213326","https://openalex.org/W2011584637","https://openalex.org/W2032808202","https://openalex.org/W2054526047","https://openalex.org/W2313108227","https://openalex.org/W2558686573","https://openalex.org/W2797558164","https://openalex.org/W2896577143","https://openalex.org/W2898161677","https://openalex.org/W2900992113","https://openalex.org/W2914229829","https://openalex.org/W2914797429","https://openalex.org/W2938193670","https://openalex.org/W2946344027","https://openalex.org/W2955960102","https://openalex.org/W2963542740","https://openalex.org/W3035725276","https://openalex.org/W3082498841","https://openalex.org/W3083869634","https://openalex.org/W3111637397","https://openalex.org/W3155725449","https://openalex.org/W3179111421","https://openalex.org/W3199638068","https://openalex.org/W3210654265","https://openalex.org/W4220687132","https://openalex.org/W4292731283","https://openalex.org/W4296941266","https://openalex.org/W4319334431","https://openalex.org/W4362548959","https://openalex.org/W4362602287","https://openalex.org/W4366446443","https://openalex.org/W4380442442","https://openalex.org/W4380538120","https://openalex.org/W4386171804","https://openalex.org/W4386757361","https://openalex.org/W4387428893","https://openalex.org/W4389538431","https://openalex.org/W4392245238","https://openalex.org/W4392853578","https://openalex.org/W4392903566","https://openalex.org/W4394962341","https://openalex.org/W4395073213","https://openalex.org/W4399141531","https://openalex.org/W6755207826","https://openalex.org/W6780576590","https://openalex.org/W6789805323","https://openalex.org/W6797464607","https://openalex.org/W6856047706"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2922348724","https://openalex.org/W200322357","https://openalex.org/W2130428257","https://openalex.org/W4308951944","https://openalex.org/W2057366091","https://openalex.org/W4312960290","https://openalex.org/W2049513647","https://openalex.org/W2988848585","https://openalex.org/W4233722919","https://openalex.org/W4323929055"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"on":[1,37,62,185,248,276],"electroencephalogram":[2],"(EEG)-based":[3],"person":[4,39,64,242],"identification":[5,40],"is":[6,98,109],"increasing":[7],"because":[8],"EEG":[9,26,72,89,191,209],"signals":[10,27,90,192,210],"must":[11],"be":[12],"collected":[13,214],"from":[14,91,106,164,193,211],"the":[15,57,83,92,104,135,140,146,151,169,174,226,254,258,263],"living":[16],"body,":[17],"making":[18],"them":[19],"difficult":[20],"to":[21,55,76,119,157,177,201,252],"steal":[22],"or":[23],"alter.":[24],"However,":[25],"are":[28,117],"greatly":[29],"influenced":[30],"by":[31],"subjects\u2019":[32],"states,":[33],"and":[34,79,123,149,231,262,279],"most":[35],"studies":[36],"EEG-based":[38,63,241],"have":[41],"overlooked":[42],"this":[43,46],"influence.":[44],"In":[45],"study,":[47],"we":[48,167],"proposed":[49,235],"an":[50],"interpretable":[51],"contrastive":[52,128],"learning":[53,67],"transformer":[54],"tackle":[56],"impact":[58],"of":[59,71,88,115,208,228],"state":[60],"changes":[61],"identification.":[65,243],"Contrastive":[66],"transformers":[68],"construct":[69],"pairs":[70,163],"signal":[73],"feature":[74],"samples":[75,116,144],"capture":[77,178,253],"state-independent":[78],"identity-distinct":[80],"features.":[81],"Specifically,":[82],"power":[84],"spectral":[85],"density":[86],"(PSD)":[87],"same":[93,147],"user":[94],"in":[95,268,273],"different":[96,165,203],"paradigms":[97,199],"used":[99,110],"as":[100,111],"positive":[101,143,161],"samples,":[102],"while":[103],"PSD":[105],"other":[107],"users":[108],"negative":[112,154],"samples.":[113,155],"Pairs":[114],"encoded":[118],"obtain":[120],"corresponding":[121],"features":[122],"then":[124],"projected":[125],"into":[126],"a":[127,131,269],"space":[129],"through":[130],"multi-layer":[132],"perceptron.":[133],"Then,":[134],"NT-Xent":[136],"loss":[137,172],"function":[138],"minimizes":[139],"distance":[141,152],"between":[142,153,160],"within":[145],"batch":[148],"maximizes":[150],"Finally,":[156],"eliminate":[158],"bias":[159],"sample":[162],"paradigms,":[166],"introduced":[168],"cross-paradigm":[170,232,274],"alignment":[171],"for":[173,240],"first":[175],"time":[176],"individual":[179],"consistency.":[180],"We":[181,224,244],"evaluated":[182,225],"our":[183],"model":[184,236,259],"two":[186,216,222],"datasets.":[187],"Dataset":[188,205],"1":[189],"contains":[190],"109":[194],"individuals,":[195,213],"recorded":[196],"across":[197,215],"multiple":[198],"designed":[200],"elicit":[202],"states.":[204],"2":[206],"consists":[207],"71":[212],"sessions,":[217],"with":[218],"each":[219],"session":[220],"including":[221],"paradigms.":[223],"accuracy":[227],"both":[229],"single-paradigm":[230],"recognition.":[233],"Our":[234],"outperforms":[237],"state-of-the-art":[238],"models":[239,271],"also":[245],"conducted":[246],"experiments":[247],"electrode":[249],"attention":[250],"visualization":[251],"brain":[255],"regions":[256],"that":[257],"focuses":[260],"on,":[261],"results":[264],"demonstrate":[265],"that,":[266],"unlike":[267],"single-paradigm,":[270],"trained":[272],"focus":[275],"fewer":[277],"electrodes":[278],"more":[280],"concentrated":[281],"regions.":[282]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}