{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408325047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3550079","title":"Scale-Invariant Adversarial Attack Against Arbitrary-Scale Super-Resolution","display_name":"Scale-Invariant Adversarial Attack Against Arbitrary-Scale Super-Resolution","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408325047","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3550079"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2025.3550079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3550079","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036183844","display_name":"Yihao Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5784-770X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yihao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5784-770X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xin Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5192-4492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Engineering Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","East China Normal University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5192-4492","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026239594","display_name":"Qing Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0974-9299"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115228651","display_name":"Agency for Science, Technology and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/036wvzt09","country_code":"SG","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3004594783","display_name":"Institute of High Performance Computing","ror":"https://ror.org/02n0ejh50","country_code":"SG","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3004594783","https://openalex.org/I91275662"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qing Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC) and the Centre for Frontier AI Research (CFAR), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Fusionopolis, Singapore","Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC) and Centre for Frontier AI Research (CFAR), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0974-9299","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC) and the Centre for Frontier AI Research (CFAR), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Fusionopolis, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3004594783"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC) and Centre for Frontier AI Research (CFAR), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115228651","https://openalex.org/I3004594783"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034751153","display_name":"Felix Juefei-Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0857-8611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felix Juefei-Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University, New York City, NY, USA","New York University, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0857-8611","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, New York City, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084784341","display_name":"Xiaojun Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2018-9344"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["CN","SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojun Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2018-9344","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107246472","display_name":"Weikai Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2038-439X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weikai Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Engineering Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","East China Normal University, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054490662","display_name":"Geguang Pu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9750-8334"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geguang Pu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Software Engineering Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","East China Normal University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9750-8334","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Software Engineering Institute, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"East China Normal University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100355692","display_name":"Yang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-9215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7300-9215","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5399,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89363338,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":"3909","last_page":"3924"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9915000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11105","display_name":"Advanced Image Processing Techniques","score":0.9832000136375427,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14117","display_name":"Integrated Circuits and Semiconductor Failure Analysis","score":0.9797000288963318,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6751580834388733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.6475437879562378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-invariance","display_name":"Scale invariance","score":0.6439391374588013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.6040449738502502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invariant","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","score":0.48788976669311523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37915095686912537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3237992525100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2049870491027832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1614151895046234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09815603494644165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6751580834388733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.6475437879562378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135593079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1750766","display_name":"Scale invariance","level":2,"score":0.6439391374588013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.6040449738502502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190470478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370229","display_name":"Invariant (physics)","level":2,"score":0.48788976669311523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37915095686912537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3237992525100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2049870491027832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1614151895046234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09815603494644165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2025.3550079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2025.3550079","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2275947126","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020AAA0107800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8180841062","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023A1515030032","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320671","display_name":"National Research Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/05s0g1g46"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1930824406","https://openalex.org/W1988974846","https://openalex.org/W2001610032","https://openalex.org/W2047920195","https://openalex.org/W2064076387","https://openalex.org/W2089786220","https://openalex.org/W2121927366","https://openalex.org/W2607041014","https://openalex.org/W2896078964","https://openalex.org/W2954930822","https://openalex.org/W2962785568","https://openalex.org/W2962847335","https://openalex.org/W2962849139","https://openalex.org/W2963372104","https://openalex.org/W2963470893","https://openalex.org/W2963526661","https://openalex.org/W2963566548","https://openalex.org/W2963606888","https://openalex.org/W2964101377","https://openalex.org/W2969542116","https://openalex.org/W2981722656","https://openalex.org/W2984699060","https://openalex.org/W2991526369","https://openalex.org/W3034395814","https://openalex.org/W3035028692","https://openalex.org/W3035743198","https://openalex.org/W3094821564","https://openalex.org/W3103836116","https://openalex.org/W3107840264","https://openalex.org/W3108341030","https://openalex.org/W3171125843","https://openalex.org/W3174531399","https://openalex.org/W3174865552","https://openalex.org/W3206177619","https://openalex.org/W3207918547","https://openalex.org/W3214047808","https://openalex.org/W4200150166","https://openalex.org/W4223483730","https://openalex.org/W4230098700","https://openalex.org/W4308235807","https://openalex.org/W4312648479","https://openalex.org/W4312790346","https://openalex.org/W4381785636","https://openalex.org/W4385804880","https://openalex.org/W4386065725","https://openalex.org/W4386076141","https://openalex.org/W4386076246","https://openalex.org/W4388189238","https://openalex.org/W4392904558","https://openalex.org/W4392940139","https://openalex.org/W4393079043","https://openalex.org/W4394596831","https://openalex.org/W4399729223","https://openalex.org/W4402754305","https://openalex.org/W6638194035","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6729756640","https://openalex.org/W6739868092","https://openalex.org/W6761937618","https://openalex.org/W6763480078","https://openalex.org/W6768366551","https://openalex.org/W6774418182","https://openalex.org/W6792046725","https://openalex.org/W6811133256"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W1561927205","https://openalex.org/W3191453585","https://openalex.org/W2097033632","https://openalex.org/W2021670453","https://openalex.org/W2021783512","https://openalex.org/W2334047832"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,43,115],"advent":[1],"of":[2,21,29,97,112,153],"local":[3],"continuous":[4,30,98],"image":[5],"function":[6],"(LIIF)":[7],"has":[8],"garnered":[9],"significant":[10],"attention":[11],"for":[12,48],"arbitrary-scale":[13,32,63],"super-resolution":[14],"(SR)":[15],"techniques.":[16],"However,":[17],"while":[18,123],"the":[19,27,109,113,120,128],"vulnerabilities":[20],"fixed-scale":[22,49],"SR":[23,33,50,76,121,140,145],"have":[24],"been":[25],"assessed,":[26],"robustness":[28],"representation-based":[31],"against":[34],"adversarial":[35,46,77],"attacks":[36,47,91],"remains":[37],"an":[38],"area":[39],"warranting":[40],"further":[41],"exploration.":[42],"elaborately":[44],"designed":[45],"are":[51],"scale-dependent,":[52],"which":[53],"will":[54],"cause":[55],"time-consuming":[56],"and":[57,142,151],"memory-consuming":[58],"problems":[59],"when":[60],"applied":[61],"to":[62,88,107,127],"SR.":[64],"To":[65],"address":[66],"this":[67],"concern,":[68],"we":[69,86,102],"propose":[70,87],"a":[71,104],"simple":[72],"yet":[73],"effective":[74],"\u201cscale-invariant\u201d":[75],"attack":[78,116,149],"method":[79],"with":[80],"good":[81],"transferability,":[82],"termed":[83],"SIAGT.":[84,154],"Specifically,":[85],"construct":[89],"resource-saving":[90],"by":[92],"exploiting":[93],"finite":[94],"discrete":[95],"points":[96],"representation.":[99],"In":[100],"addition,":[101],"formulate":[103],"coordinate-dependent":[105],"loss":[106],"enhance":[108],"cross-model":[110],"transferability":[111,152],"attack.":[114],"can":[117],"significantly":[118],"deteriorate":[119],"images":[122],"introducing":[124],"imperceptible":[125],"distortion":[126],"targeted":[129],"low-resolution":[130],"(LR)":[131],"images.":[132],"Experiments":[133],"carried":[134],"out":[135],"on":[136],"three":[137],"popular":[138],"LIIF-based":[139],"approaches":[141],"four":[143],"classical":[144],"datasets":[146],"show":[147],"remarkable":[148],"performance":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}