{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403599244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3484291","title":"Bringing Smart Contract Confidentiality via Trusted Hardware: Fact and Fiction","display_name":"Bringing Smart Contract Confidentiality via Trusted Hardware: Fact and Fiction","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403599244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3484291"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2024.3484291","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3484291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051139802","display_name":"Rujia Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0276-5632"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rujia Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100422823","display_name":"Qin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2264-749X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO&#x2019;s Data61, Eveleigh, NSW, Australia","Department of Computer Science and Engineering and the National Center for Applied Mathematics Shenzhen, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China","University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO&#x2019;s Data61, Eveleigh, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering and the National Center for Applied Mathematics Shenzhen, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074567236","display_name":"Yuanzhao Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanzhao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China","Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039007125","display_name":"Sisi Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1385-6807"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sisi Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063335569","display_name":"Qi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9780-5443"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["CSIRO&#x2019;s Data61, Eveleigh, NSW, Australia","Department of Computer Science and Engineering and the National Center for Applied Mathematics Shenzhen, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China","Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO&#x2019;s Data61, Eveleigh, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering and the National Center for Applied Mathematics Shenzhen, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011572026","display_name":"David Galindo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3563-5551"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Galindo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Valory AG, Zug, Switzerland","Valory AG, ZUG, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Valory AG, Zug, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Valory AG, ZUG, Switzerland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051139802"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7794,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79938147,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":null,"first_page":"159","last_page":"174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9702000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9702000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8325852155685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidentiality","display_name":"Confidentiality","score":0.6775396466255188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6377691626548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.36605358123779297}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8325852155685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.6775396466255188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6377691626548767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.36605358123779297}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2024.3484291","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3484291","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2021969373","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92267203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4829813191","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"12371522","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G488358823","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023M741949","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W851575271","https://openalex.org/W1011606778","https://openalex.org/W1569778844","https://openalex.org/W1681309784","https://openalex.org/W1897618420","https://openalex.org/W1969344535","https://openalex.org/W2118961967","https://openalex.org/W2157679418","https://openalex.org/W2296362039","https://openalex.org/W2612997195","https://openalex.org/W2671457145","https://openalex.org/W2765706244","https://openalex.org/W2797481382","https://openalex.org/W2801661589","https://openalex.org/W2913096406","https://openalex.org/W2947718647","https://openalex.org/W2950551784","https://openalex.org/W2989515460","https://openalex.org/W3021475380","https://openalex.org/W3032514785","https://openalex.org/W3043762149","https://openalex.org/W3090306331","https://openalex.org/W3092422523","https://openalex.org/W3093950029","https://openalex.org/W3116823072","https://openalex.org/W3208609922","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4224923627","https://openalex.org/W4300127641","https://openalex.org/W4387857479","https://openalex.org/W4389199627","https://openalex.org/W6689688209","https://openalex.org/W6712237015","https://openalex.org/W6751185141","https://openalex.org/W6753267956","https://openalex.org/W6753628087","https://openalex.org/W6759881918","https://openalex.org/W6761131216","https://openalex.org/W6793285265","https://openalex.org/W6795074762","https://openalex.org/W6850360149"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3183948672","https://openalex.org/W3173606202","https://openalex.org/W3110381201","https://openalex.org/W2948807893","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2778153218","https://openalex.org/W2758277628","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W1531601525","https://openalex.org/W2112141997"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Trusted":[0],"Execution":[1],"Environment":[2],"(TEE)-assisted":[3],"confidential":[4],"smart":[5],"contracts":[6,174],"(TCSC)":[7],"have":[8],"attracted":[9],"extensive":[10],"attention":[11],"from":[12],"both":[13],"academia":[14],"and":[15,36,63,82,106,155,167],"industry.":[16],"Despite":[17],"an":[18,60],"enormous":[19],"number":[20],"of":[21,26,55,163,171],"TCSC":[22,75,91,112,128,133,153],"projects,":[23],"the":[24,34,84,100,161,168],"extent":[25],"confidentiality":[27],"offered":[28],"by":[29,116],"them":[30,58],"remains":[31],"being":[32],"questioned:":[33],"factual":[35],"fictional":[37],"aspects":[38],"are":[39,144],"not":[40],"well":[41],"distinguished,":[42],"which":[43],"limits":[44],"their":[45],"adoption.":[46],"In":[47],"this":[48],"paper,":[49],"we":[50,70,78,150],"provide":[51],"a":[52,72,90,111,152,157],"formal":[53],"treatment":[54],"TCSC,":[56],"endowing":[57],"with":[59,130],"expressive":[61],"syntax":[62],"security":[64,95,104],"definitions.":[65],"Based":[66],"on":[67],"these":[68,141],"definitions,":[69],"propose":[71],"provably":[73,114],"secure":[74,115],"instantiation.":[76],"Then,":[77],"investigate":[79],"each":[80],"algorithm":[81],"identify":[83],"implementation":[85],"flaws":[86],"that":[87],"may":[88,119],"make":[89],"system":[92],"violate":[93],"its":[94],"properties.":[96],"Our":[97,135],"analysis":[98],"reveals":[99],"gap":[101],"between":[102],"theoretical":[103],"models":[105],"real-world":[107],"implementations:":[108],"even":[109],"assuming":[110],"is":[113],"design,":[117],"it":[118],"still":[120],"fail":[121],"in":[122],"practice.":[123],"We":[124],"further":[125],"compare":[126],"our":[127],"instantiation":[129],"16":[131],"representative":[132],"systems.":[134],"results":[136],"show":[137],"that,":[138],"surprisingly,":[139],"all":[140],"surveyed":[142],"projects":[143],"subject":[145],"to":[146],"practical":[147],"attacks.":[148],"Finally,":[149],"implement":[151],"prototype":[154],"conduct":[156],"comprehensive":[158],"evaluation,":[159],"revealing":[160],"overheads":[162],"distributed":[164],"key":[165],"management":[166],"performance":[169],"challenges":[170],"executing":[172],"complex":[173],"within":[175],"TEEs.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
