{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402982601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3470651","title":"Constructing an Intrinsically Robust Steganalyzer via Learning Neighboring Feature Relationships and Self-Adversarial Adjustment","display_name":"Constructing an Intrinsically Robust Steganalyzer via Learning Neighboring Feature Relationships and Self-Adversarial Adjustment","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402982601","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3470651"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2024.3470651","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3470651","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042347681","display_name":"Kaiqing Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5291-4635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152380","display_name":"Shenzhen Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzpec27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiqing Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security, and the SZU-AFS Joint Innovation Center for AI Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5291-4635","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security, and the SZU-AFS Joint Innovation Center for AI Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100365163","display_name":"Bin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2613-5451"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152380","display_name":"Shenzhen Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzpec27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security, and the SZU-AFS Joint Innovation Center for AI Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2613-5451","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security, and the SZU-AFS Joint Innovation Center for AI Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033791278","display_name":"Weixiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5094-6548"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152380","display_name":"Shenzhen Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzpec27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weixiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security, and the SZU-AFS Joint Innovation Center for AI Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5094-6548","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security, and the SZU-AFS Joint Innovation Center for AI Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007836692","display_name":"Mauro Barni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7368-0866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mauro Barni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7368-0866","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026139768","display_name":"Benedetta Tondi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7518-046X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","display_name":"University of Siena","ror":"https://ror.org/01tevnk56","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benedetta Tondi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7518-046X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Information Engineering and Mathematics, University of Siena, Siena, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038397604","display_name":"Xulong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2199-1642"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152380","display_name":"Shenzhen Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qzpec27","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xulong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security, and the SZU-AFS Joint Innovation Center for AI Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2199-1642","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security, and the SZU-AFS Joint Innovation Center for AI Technology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210152380"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and the Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Media Security, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6562,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70143964,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"9390","last_page":"9405"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.8480486869812012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7196911573410034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5162703990936279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4675867557525635}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.8480486869812012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7196911573410034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5162703990936279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4675867557525635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2024.3470651","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3470651","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:usiena-air.unisi.it:11365/1277380","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10699457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196319","display_name":"Use Siena air (University of Siena)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I102064193","host_organization_name":"University of Siena","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102064193"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1961232708","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22B2047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2809873295","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023B1212060076","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5387255458","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62202310","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7142034960","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23B2022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22271197","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1965064373","https://openalex.org/W1976570511","https://openalex.org/W2009130368","https://openalex.org/W2046180645","https://openalex.org/W2055625960","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2123170991","https://openalex.org/W2192227561","https://openalex.org/W2250384498","https://openalex.org/W2295107390","https://openalex.org/W2322622188","https://openalex.org/W2548753991","https://openalex.org/W2665759771","https://openalex.org/W2775462490","https://openalex.org/W2794584741","https://openalex.org/W2809443788","https://openalex.org/W2892948265","https://openalex.org/W2960139675","https://openalex.org/W2962269719","https://openalex.org/W2963957509","https://openalex.org/W2966111271","https://openalex.org/W2971349019","https://openalex.org/W3011799145","https://openalex.org/W3046549894","https://openalex.org/W3081541465","https://openalex.org/W3133932568","https://openalex.org/W3163923129","https://openalex.org/W3177469408","https://openalex.org/W3200967845","https://openalex.org/W3202320739","https://openalex.org/W3203505206","https://openalex.org/W4210377582","https://openalex.org/W4224919437","https://openalex.org/W4253000688","https://openalex.org/W4283704766","https://openalex.org/W4285261174","https://openalex.org/W4293057081","https://openalex.org/W4293566097","https://openalex.org/W4293846201","https://openalex.org/W4310748701","https://openalex.org/W4365808162","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4385453631","https://openalex.org/W4385695923","https://openalex.org/W4387969350","https://openalex.org/W4388755601","https://openalex.org/W4388983832","https://openalex.org/W4400231073","https://openalex.org/W6637162671","https://openalex.org/W6640036494","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6696876242","https://openalex.org/W6747381837","https://openalex.org/W6747819456","https://openalex.org/W6749162425","https://openalex.org/W6755310938","https://openalex.org/W6774681163","https://openalex.org/W6803435029","https://openalex.org/W6842156011","https://openalex.org/W6853250136","https://openalex.org/W6853320337"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2502115930","https://openalex.org/W2482350142","https://openalex.org/W4246396837","https://openalex.org/W3126451824","https://openalex.org/W1561927205","https://openalex.org/W3191453585","https://openalex.org/W4297672492","https://openalex.org/W2619203976"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,82,165],"effectiveness":[1],"of":[2,26,57,68,98,179,204],"deep":[3],"learning-based":[4],"steganalyzers":[5],"is":[6,92,141,158,168],"significantly":[7],"compromised":[8],"by":[9,53,102],"adversarial":[10,27,35,51,59,121,134,138,180,205],"steganography.":[11],"In":[12],"response":[13],"to":[14,22,43,94,126,145,160,184],"this":[15,64],"challenge,":[16],"recent":[17],"efforts":[18],"have":[19,31,115],"been":[20],"devoted":[21],"identifying":[23],"distinct":[24],"traces":[25],"perturbations,":[28],"yet":[29],"they":[30],"overlooked":[32],"the":[33,55,66,108,128,149,177,185],"inherently":[34],"robustness":[36],"required":[37],"in":[38,188,200],"steganalyzers.":[39],"This":[40],"paper":[41],"aims":[42],"develop":[44],"a":[45,96,169,189],"steganalytic":[46],"model":[47],"that":[48,110,175,195],"defends":[49],"against":[50],"steganography":[52],"increasing":[54],"difficulty":[56],"generating":[58],"stego":[60,181],"images.":[61],"To":[62,136],"achieve":[63],"objective,":[65],"techniques":[67],"learning":[69],"neighboring":[70,99,113],"feature":[71],"relationships":[72,129],"and":[73,120],"self-adversarial":[74,190],"adjustment":[75],"are":[76],"proposed":[77,159],"with":[78],"three":[79],"essential":[80],"modules.":[81],"first":[83],"one,":[84],"named":[85],"K-times":[86,111],"Dropout":[87],"Neighboring":[88],"Feature":[89],"Transformer":[90],"(KDNFT),":[91],"designed":[93],"accept":[95],"set":[97],"features":[100,114,132],"obtained":[101],"dropout":[103,112],"as":[104],"input.":[105],"Based":[106],"on":[107],"finding":[109],"different":[116],"distributions":[117],"for":[118,133,163],"covers":[119],"stegos,":[122],"KDNFT":[123],"effectively":[124],"learns":[125],"exploit":[127],"among":[130],"these":[131],"steganalysis.":[135],"facilitate":[137],"training,":[139],"which":[140],"an":[142],"effective":[143],"way":[144],"improve":[146],"intrinsic":[147],"robustness,":[148],"second":[150],"module":[151,167,174],"called":[152],"Pseudo":[153],"Adversarial":[154],"Stego":[155],"Generator":[156],"(PASG)":[157],"synthesize":[161],"samples":[162,182],"training.":[164],"third":[166],"Test-time":[170],"Active":[171],"Perturbation":[172],"(TAP)":[173],"adjusts":[176],"results":[178],"close":[183],"decision":[186],"boundary":[187],"way.":[191],"Extensive":[192],"experiments":[193],"demonstrate":[194],"our":[196],"method":[197],"achieves":[198],"improvements":[199],"steganalyzing":[201],"various":[202],"kinds":[203],"steganographic":[206],"methods.":[207]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}