{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4401808696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3449119","title":"Time Is Not Enough: Timing Leakage Analysis on Cryptographic Chips via Plaintext-Ciphertext Correlation in Non-Timing Channel","display_name":"Time Is Not Enough: Timing Leakage Analysis on Cryptographic Chips via Plaintext-Ciphertext Correlation in Non-Timing Channel","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4401808696","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3449119"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2024.3449119","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3449119","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038525434","display_name":"Congming Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4029-0746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Congming Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4029-0746","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113345099","display_name":"Guangze Hong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangze Hong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1349-1000","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100419967","display_name":"An Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9873-1308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"An Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9873-1308","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100759164","display_name":"Jing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7975-6705"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101699077","display_name":"Shaofei Sun","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaofei Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-6237","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048770374","display_name":"Yaoling Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6416-7203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaoling Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6416-7203","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100634361","display_name":"Liehuang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3277-3887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liehuang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3277-3887","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101337304","display_name":"Wenrui Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9649-1499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I75059550","display_name":"Zhejiang Gongshang University","ror":"https://ror.org/0569mkk41","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I75059550"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenrui Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9649-1499","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I75059550"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9164,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78979135,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"8544","last_page":"8558"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7396542429924011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ciphertext","display_name":"Ciphertext","score":0.689022421836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6278518438339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plaintext","display_name":"Plaintext","score":0.5595875978469849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/side-channel-attack","display_name":"Side channel attack","score":0.5233832597732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-attack","display_name":"Correlation attack","score":0.4908188283443451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.45933571457862854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.43315330147743225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leakage","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","score":0.4218888282775879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3580007553100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stream-cipher","display_name":"Stream cipher","score":0.32131630182266235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2834342122077942}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7396542429924011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93974786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589480","display_name":"Ciphertext","level":3,"score":0.689022421836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6278518438339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92717368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1162538","display_name":"Plaintext","level":3,"score":0.5595875978469849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49289754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267081","display_name":"Side channel attack","level":3,"score":0.5233832597732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120226833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172844","display_name":"Correlation attack","level":4,"score":0.4908188283443451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.45933571457862854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.43315330147743225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4218888282775879},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3580007553100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92950451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864718","display_name":"Stream cipher","level":3,"score":0.32131630182266235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2834342122077942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2024.3449119","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3449119","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2701771370","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3084344835","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB3103800","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5021594273","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62302036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W50107694","https://openalex.org/W1511843316","https://openalex.org/W1536508214","https://openalex.org/W1562542037","https://openalex.org/W1584759454","https://openalex.org/W1587481360","https://openalex.org/W1587865420","https://openalex.org/W1607006990","https://openalex.org/W1613874182","https://openalex.org/W2079526900","https://openalex.org/W2127059139","https://openalex.org/W2154909745","https://openalex.org/W2474114598","https://openalex.org/W2991385415","https://openalex.org/W3124677381","https://openalex.org/W3161081806","https://openalex.org/W4239644085","https://openalex.org/W4253111648","https://openalex.org/W4293077571","https://openalex.org/W6635541736","https://openalex.org/W6638349452"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W88466764","https://openalex.org/W4389258758","https://openalex.org/W4245501402","https://openalex.org/W2533921573","https://openalex.org/W3174959224","https://openalex.org/W2149094354","https://openalex.org/W1979198062","https://openalex.org/W2545039056","https://openalex.org/W2997530193","https://openalex.org/W3044322697"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,23],"side-channel":[1],"testing,":[2],"the":[3,9,17,56,73],"standard":[4],"timing":[5,31,42,49,83,112],"analysis":[6,50,113],"works":[7],"when":[8,91],"vendor":[10],"can":[11],"provide":[12],"a":[13,45],"measurement":[14],"to":[15,53,68],"indicate":[16],"execution":[18,59,65,70],"time":[19,60,66],"of":[20,48,75],"cryptographic":[21,105],"algorithms.":[22],"this":[24],"paper,":[25],"we":[26,108],"find":[27],"that":[28],"there":[29],"exists":[30],"leakage":[32,84],"in":[33,40,88],"power/electromagnetic":[34],"channels,":[35],"which":[36,115],"is":[37,51,61],"often":[38],"ignored":[39],"traditional":[41],"analysis.":[43],"Hence":[44],"new":[46],"method":[47,81],"proposed":[52],"deal":[54],"with":[55],"case":[57],"where":[58],"not":[62],"available.":[63],"Different":[64],"leads":[67],"different":[69,104,120],"intervals,":[71],"affecting":[72],"locations":[74],"plaintext":[76],"and":[77,96],"ciphertext":[78],"transmission.":[79],"Our":[80],"detects":[82],"by":[85],"studying":[86],"changes":[87],"plaintext-ciphertext":[89],"correlation":[90],"traces":[92],"are":[93,99],"aligned":[94],"forward":[95],"backward.":[97],"Experiments":[98],"then":[100],"carried":[101],"out":[102],"on":[103],"devices.":[106],"Furthermore,":[107],"propose":[109],"an":[110],"improved":[111],"framework":[114],"gives":[116],"appropriate":[117],"methods":[118],"for":[119],"scenarios.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}