{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399620332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3414249","title":"AutoSMC: An Automated Machine Learning Framework for Signal Modulation Classification","display_name":"AutoSMC: An Automated Machine Learning Framework for Signal Modulation Classification","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399620332","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3414249"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2024.3414249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3414249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100367890","display_name":"Yiran Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5786-8789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yiran Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100746164","display_name":"Jing Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5412-7793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001435169","display_name":"Zhu Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5645-160X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040227990","display_name":"Zheng Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3573-1546"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101439575","display_name":"Yong Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6224-978X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061448582","display_name":"Hongbo Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7372-2539"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongbo Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050630882","display_name":"Licheng Jiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Licheng Jiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Perception and Image Understanding of Ministry of Education, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100367890"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1451,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94579345,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"6225","last_page":"6236"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12946","display_name":"Fractal and DNA sequence analysis","score":0.9854999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9496999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8172949552536011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5443011522293091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49750712513923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.46563711762428284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.45779070258140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.4160710275173187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3729672133922577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.34245815873146057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.20316076278686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.09510582685470581}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8172949552536011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5443011522293091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49750712513923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.46563711762428284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.45779070258140564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.4160710275173187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3729672133922577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.34245815873146057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.20316076278686523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.09510582685470581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tifs.2024.3414249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3414249","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S61310614","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","issn_l":"1556-6013","issn":["1556-6013","1556-6021"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2729866252","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023A1515011915","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332533","funder_display_name":"Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3177995538","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62276206","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4024201118","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023Z071081001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322857","funder_display_name":"Aeronautical Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4320908333","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"JCYJ20220530160408019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336569","funder_display_name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4584413591","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62231027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7767482105","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272152","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322857","display_name":"Aeronautical Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/02wq41p38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332533","display_name":"Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province","ror":"https://ror.org/030jhb479"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336569","display_name":"Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1494192115","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2163785141","https://openalex.org/W2168405694","https://openalex.org/W2170778725","https://openalex.org/W2192203593","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2272847350","https://openalex.org/W2330219538","https://openalex.org/W2566079294","https://openalex.org/W2741230443","https://openalex.org/W2773170971","https://openalex.org/W2785840501","https://openalex.org/W2803445619","https://openalex.org/W2884089434","https://openalex.org/W2954996726","https://openalex.org/W2957915633","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963628712","https://openalex.org/W2964015378","https://openalex.org/W2964024268","https://openalex.org/W2965658867","https://openalex.org/W2966284335","https://openalex.org/W2969899794","https://openalex.org/W3022311971","https://openalex.org/W3032977069","https://openalex.org/W3085854806","https://openalex.org/W3087940812","https://openalex.org/W3104028856","https://openalex.org/W3109527968","https://openalex.org/W3137240327","https://openalex.org/W3153147069","https://openalex.org/W3168231499","https://openalex.org/W3193513114","https://openalex.org/W3212958699","https://openalex.org/W4206709562","https://openalex.org/W4225835925","https://openalex.org/W4285741054","https://openalex.org/W4297775537","https://openalex.org/W4317838087","https://openalex.org/W4317883989","https://openalex.org/W4383753827","https://openalex.org/W4386555034","https://openalex.org/W4387227683","https://openalex.org/W4390659928","https://openalex.org/W4392940096","https://openalex.org/W4393207017","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6681302627","https://openalex.org/W6685444988","https://openalex.org/W6713134421","https://openalex.org/W6737664043","https://openalex.org/W6759402224","https://openalex.org/W6849292070","https://openalex.org/W6917408469"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W4224009465","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W4286629047","https://openalex.org/W4205958290","https://openalex.org/W4384212932","https://openalex.org/W4390590544","https://openalex.org/W2096195258","https://openalex.org/W2990460313","https://openalex.org/W2973458857"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,112],"electromagnetic":[1,36],"environments":[2],"have":[3],"become":[4],"more":[5],"complex":[6,35],"with":[7],"the":[8,43,46,49,78,82,89,103,108,126,156],"development":[9],"of":[10,45,107],"wireless":[11],"communication":[12],"technology.":[13],"Signal":[14],"modulation":[15,53,66,90,160],"classification":[16,39,161],"has":[17],"attracted":[18],"extensive":[19],"attention":[20],"due":[21],"to":[22,51,75,77,87,117,121,155],"its":[23],"application":[24],"in":[25],"electronic":[26],"countermeasures":[27],"and":[28,48,124,138],"physical":[29],"layer":[30],"security":[31],"threat":[32],"prevention":[33],"under":[34],"environments.":[37],"Excellent":[38],"performance":[40],"requirements":[41],"challenge":[42],"adaptability":[44],"method":[47,72,128],"ability":[50],"extract":[52,88],"characteristics.":[54],"This":[55],"paper":[56],"proposes":[57],"an":[58,93],"automated":[59],"machine":[60],"learning":[61],"framework,":[62],"AutoSMC,":[63],"for":[64],"signal":[65,70,159],"classification.":[67],"An":[68],"adaptive":[69],"augmentation":[71],"is":[73,100,110,115],"proposed":[74],"adapt":[76],"network":[79],"changes":[80],"during":[81],"search":[83,105],"process.":[84],"In":[85],"order":[86],"features":[91],"effectively,":[92],"scalable":[94],"convolutional":[95],"random":[96],"fourier":[97],"feature":[98],"block":[99],"proposed.":[101],"Moreover,":[102],"initial":[104],"space":[106],"framework":[109],"given.":[111],"Bayesian":[113],"Optimization":[114],"used":[116],"drive":[118],"hyperparameter":[119],"optimization":[120],"achieve":[122],"AutoSMC":[123,150],"obtain":[125],"optimal":[127],"state.":[129],"Great":[130],"experiments":[131],"were":[132],"carried":[133],"out":[134],"on":[135,143],"RADIOML":[136,139],"2016.10A":[137],"2016.10B.":[140],"Experimental":[141],"evaluations":[142],"these":[144],"datasets":[145],"show":[146],"that":[147],"our":[148],"approach":[149],"achieves":[151],"state-of-the-art":[152],"results":[153],"compared":[154],"most":[157],"relevant":[158],"methods.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}